Peptides can have pleiotropic effects, activating multiple cellular pathways for growth, migration, and intercellular communication.

“This is important because when we're talking about peptide Therapeutics rarely if ever are we talking about a very targeted and very specific effect of these peptides and this is important both in terms of thinking about what effects you're going to get of taking a given peptide if you decide to do that as well as potential side effects as well as things like how to adjust dosage and how long”

“The other thing that's important to understand about peptides is that some peptides are hormones other peptides are merely called peptides proteins others are neuromodulators meaning they adjust the activity of neurons and some peptides multitask and do many things in fact I think it's fair to say that most peptides have what are called pleotropic effects meaning they affect many different aspects of cells”

“most often a peptide does anywhere from four to maybe even a thousand different things”

“always always always if you take peptides especially theraputic peptides designed to promote activity within a given pathway for a specific purpose you are going to activate other Pathways as well there's simply no way to remove the pleotropic feature of peptide Therapeutics”