Peter Attia· MD
and there was some studies that were done with acetyl acetate and also some studies that we're done with acetone showing anti-seizure effects
The evidence is convergent. Multiple independent sources reach the same conclusion, the underlying mechanism is well-characterized, and even the field's most cautious voices treat it as worth doing.
and there was some studies that were done with acetyl acetate and also some studies that we're done with acetone showing anti-seizure effects
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so what we do know is that when you deliver exogenous ketones in a beta hydroxy butyrate to acetoacetate ratio of one to one that that has pretty remarkable anti-seizure effects
So it's 1,3-butanediol, which gets metabolized in the liver completely pretty much to beta-hydroxybutyrate. That molecule with a reaction, we can add to acetoacetate molecules. And, you know, both of these things, the monoester and the diester, they taste nasty, they taste like gas. But they have very distinctly different effects at least in the context of the anti-seizure effects. So when we developed the ketone diester, and we used that in our animal model of tonic-clonic seizures, which was, in this case, high-pressure oxygen, but we then tested it in various other seizure models too, it had a very strong anti-seizure neuroprotective effect.
That's an interesting, you know, theory, but one of the things that kind of stood out was elevating acetoacetate seemed to be really important. And some of the animal model work... It was brought to my attention by people who had been studying this for longer than me. One of them was Dr. John Rowe. He was looking at beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate saying, you know, there's really good literature with acetoacetate and acetone too having an anti-seizure effect.
And there's kind of like a nice...there's a quick spike up in acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate from the 1,3-butanediol, and that happens over hours. And we had a 600% increase in the latency to seizure, which means that animals could go 600% longer, and we published that.
1,3-butanediol-acetoacetate monoester had very strong anti-seizure effects.