Type 2 diabetics have a reduced capacity to utilize fatty acids for energy, relying more on glucose, which can occur in the cytosol rather than mitochondria.

“So we would be seeing like this type 2 diabetics, for example, they barely use fat when they are exposed to fat. Trace that fatty acid, but they have a much higher capacity or willingness to use glucose for energy. And that energy might not be happening in the mitochondria either. It happens in the cytosol.”