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Rapamycin extends mouse lifespan 9–14%
NAD+ precursors reverse aging in humans
Blue-light glasses improve sleep quality
Walking 10 min after meals blunts glucose
Verdict change — caffeine half-life downgraded

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Bunions & Hammer Toes: Causes, Symptoms, & Solutions | Courtney Conley, D.C. — Whalespan

Content›Video›Bunions & Hammer Toes: Cause…

Bunions & Hammer Toes: Causes, Symptoms, & Solutions | Courtney Conley, D.C.

Peter Attia8m · 2025-08-05

Claims Made

15

Claims Supported

7

Support Rate

47%

Support rate

7 of 15 claims supported

7 supported8 partial / not

Claims from this content

12

◐Partially SupportedTight shoes can contribute to a higher incidence of bunions, especially in individuals predisposed to the condition.◐Partially SupportedHammer toes occur due to muscle imbalance and weakness in the foot.✕Not SupportedFoot surgeries for bunions are often unsuccessful, and caution is advised before undergoing them.◐Partially SupportedA flat nail bed on the big toe can indicate a bunion caused by footwear that squeezes the toes together.◐Partially Supported

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A. Volkovreader

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Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

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Early interventions for foot health, including appropriate footwear that allows toe splay, are important, especially for individuals with a predisposition to bunions.

◐Partially SupportedSurgical repair of bunions often involves shaving bone and realigning the toe, sometimes pinning the metatarsal to the cuneiform, but does not strengthen the muscles that contributed to the deformity.

◐Partially SupportedEnvironmental triggers for hammer toes and bunions stem from a lack of attention to foot function and restrictive footwear.

◐Partially SupportedBilateral bunions can develop from wearing point shoes, leading to pain and weakness, and can improve with strengthening exercises and appropriate footwear.

◐Partially SupportedGenetic factors like connective tissue laxity or hypermobility may predispose individuals to bunions, but they are not inherited directly and develop over time, often due to footwear.

◐Partially SupportedExcessive wear under the second or third metatarsal on the sole of the shoe indicates too much pressure is being placed through those areas.

◐Partially SupportedRestrictive footwear can trigger hammer toes.

◐Partially SupportedHammer toes can be partly driven by short toe extensors firing up while long toe extensors are relaxed.