Audit a URL →

Sign in Sign up free

Loading…

Weekly · Sunday Morning

Five longevity claims.
Worth your time.
Every Sunday.

Last Sunday

Rapamycin extends mouse lifespan 9–14%
NAD+ precursors reverse aging in humans
Blue-light glasses improve sleep quality
Walking 10 min after meals blunts glucose
Verdict change — caffeine half-life downgraded

5 audits·1 verdict change·0 affiliate links·Every Sunday

Joining 1,247 readers — founders, MDs, and longevity-obsessed people who fact-check their own health decisions.

Browse

Decisions Claims Content Creators

Product

Audit a URL Sunday roundup API (soon)Pricing

About

FAQ Methodology Editorial Standards Corrections Press & brand RSS feed

Legal

Terms of Service Privacy Policy DMCA

Finally, something serious in this space.
Because we actually read the papers.

© 2026 Whalespan. Independent, evidence-graded longevity.

Lower Leg, ankle, and foot exam | Peter Attia & Adam Cohen — Whalespan

Content›Video›Lower Leg, ankle, and foot e…

Lower Leg, ankle, and foot exam | Peter Attia & Adam Cohen

Peter Attia14m · 2023-07-31

Claims Made

31

Claims Supported

19

Support Rate

61%

Support rate

19 of 31 claims supported

19 supported12 partial / not

Claims from this content

28

✓Well SupportedA rupture of the Achilles tendon often presents as sharp pain or a feeling of being kicked in the calf, and may involve a palpable defect.◐Partially SupportedBalance training, such as using a balance board, is an effective physical therapy exercise for preventing recurrent ankle sprains.◐Partially SupportedLigamentous tears from ankle sprains can heal imperfectly, leading to chronic pain, instability, or recurrent ankle sprains.◐Partially SupportedAnkle dorsiflexion with the knee fully extended primarily tests the tightness of the gastrocnemius muscle.Partially Supported

More from Peter Attia

Peter Attia on Zone 2 Cardio

Peter Attia on Rapamycin (with Matt Kaeberlein)

Attia walks back the clinic protocol: too aggressive for healthy adults

Discussion

Native comments, Twitter mentions, and Reddit threads about this content — surfaced together so the conversation isn't fragmented across platforms.

M

Share your read of this content…

Posting publicly as you · linked to your social profiles

Sort by:

AV

A. Volkovreader

4h

Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

NP

N. Park

2d

Would love a "what would change this verdict" RSS feed. Sign me up if it exists.

◐

Eccentric loading of the foot helps tighten the sub-talar joint, making the foot rigid for propulsion.

◐Partially SupportedPronated feet that cannot perform the windlass mechanism would lack spring, become painful, and lead to attenuation of the tendon on the inside.

◐Partially SupportedNavicular and second or third metatarsal stress fractures are serious high-risk stress fractures in the foot for runners.

◐Partially SupportedStrengthening the peroneal tendons is crucial after an ankle ligament injury.

◐Partially SupportedLaxity in the ankle, particularly with high arches, increases the likelihood of ankle sprains.

◐Partially SupportedCharcot Marie tooth disease can cause weakness of intrinsic foot muscles and preferential strength in some muscle groups.

◐Partially SupportedX-rays are rarely positive for stress fractures on initial presentation of shin pain.

◐Partially SupportedTibialis anterior tendonitis can cause sudden, severe pain in the front of the shin, sometimes making it difficult to distinguish from an intra-articular joint process.

◐Partially SupportedNeuromas can cause pain in the web spaces between the lesser toes.

◐Partially SupportedChronic exertional compartment syndrome involves increased pressure within the leg compartments, leading to swelling, tingling, and numbness during exercise.

◐Partially SupportedStress fractures of the tibia typically present with point tenderness, whereas shin splints have more diffuse tenderness over a larger area.

◐Partially SupportedArthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint can be painful and may cause the second toe to deviate.

◐Partially SupportedInjury to the posterior tibialis tendon can result in a flat-footed posture, painful swelling on the inside of the ankle, and impaired foot inversion.

◐Partially SupportedInsurance companies often require an X-ray before approving an MRI for shin pain.

◐Partially SupportedAn Achilles tendon rupture often presents as sharp calf pain or a pop, feeling like being kicked.

◐Partially SupportedThe subtalar joint is located between the calcaneus and the talus.

◐Partially SupportedAn inflamed tibialis anterior tendon may produce a squeaking noise.

◐Partially SupportedX-rays may miss stress fractures on a patient's first visit, while MRIs will catch them.

◐Partially SupportedInjuries in the calf or back of the leg often occur at the musculotendinous junction of the medial gastrocnemius, a site referred to as 'tennis leg'.

◐Partially SupportedTearing of connective tissue that holds the tendon in its groove can cause the tendon to subluxate and snap during certain motions, a condition often missed in ankle sprain evaluations.

◐Partially SupportedArthritis or fusion of the subtalar joint can impair terrain navigation and lead to frequent ankle sprains.

◐Partially SupportedExternal rotation and balance training are recommended for strengthening muscles around the ankle.

◐Partially SupportedShin pain in runners can be caused by stress fractures of the tibia or shin splints.

◐Partially SupportedSesamoid bones in the foot can develop stress fractures or irritation.