Andrew Huberman· PhD
However, there's also a reduction in the reinforcing properties of alcohol. There's a shrinking of the feel good blip that happens when one first ingests alcohol, and this has been measured in animals and humans.
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The headline is broadly defensible, but the qualifications matter. Effect sizes vary by population, the strongest claims rest on shorter trials, and credible voices push back on how it's typically framed.
However, there's also a reduction in the reinforcing properties of alcohol. There's a shrinking of the feel good blip that happens when one first ingests alcohol, and this has been measured in animals and humans.
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The key thing to understand about tolerance is that with tolerance, the duration of that long, slow reduction in dopamine and serotonin gets even longer. In other words, the negative effects of alcohol that happen after the initial feeling good, extend longer and, in fact, get more robust.
So what you're getting is less and less of the reinforcing properties of alcohol, the feel good stuff, and more and more of the punishment pain signal aspects of alcohol.