Long-term methylene blue treatment in mouse models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease has shown promise in reducing pathological protein aggregates and improving cognitive and motor deficits.

“Long-term methylene blue treatment in mouse models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease has shown promise, not only by reducing pathological protein aggregates (Aβ plaques and phospho-tau tangles) but also by improving cognitive decline and motor deficits. These benefits might stem from methylene blue's direct anti-aggregation effects and its mitochondrial mechanisms, which include increased Complex IV and ATP production in affected brain regions and a reduction in oxidative damage markers.”