The evidence is convergent. Multiple independent sources reach the same conclusion, the underlying mechanism is well-characterized, and even the field's most cautious voices treat it as worth doing.
The general effects of caffeine are to increase autonomic arousal. The activity of the so-called sympathetic arm of the autonomic nervous system, which is to put it very much in plain language it's the alertness arm of your nervous system.
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The most salient one is the one that police officers look for, or parents suspecting that their kids have ingested substances of any kind look for, which is if somebody's pupils are unusually large for a given visual environment, that is an indication of high levels of autonomic arousal.
but caffeine is a great motivator because of the internal sense of arousal, but it also narrows our visual window.
Now somewhat paradoxically, when our pupils get bigger, the pupils of our eyes that is, our visual world actually narrows, it becomes more tunnel-like. A lot of people don't realize this. When our pupils are really small, that means we are relaxed. So if you ever see someone with really tiny or pin size pupils, they're very relaxed. If their pupils are very big, they're very dilated, well then they are very amped up, they are very, very alert.