Taste receptors in the mouth can be burned and destroyed by ingesting substances that are too hot, but they can regenerate.

“If you've ever eaten something that's too hot, not spicy hot, but too hot, you burn your tongue, you burn receptors. It takes about a week to recover those receptors. For some people it's a little bit more quickly, but if you burn your tongue badly by ingesting a soup that's too hot or a beverage that's too hot, you will greatly reduce your sense of taste for essentially all tastes. And that's because those neurons sit very shallow beneath the tongue's surface, and so that if you put something too hot on, you literally just burn those neurons away. Luckily those neurons also can replenish themselves. Those neurons are of the peripheral nervous system, and like all peripheral system neurons they can replenish or regenerate.”