Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a 40% lower risk of dementia over a decade.

Well SupportedWomen, adults with normal cognition, APOE e4 non-carriers, and those without depression experienced the greatest brain-protective effects from vitamin D supplementation.

Well SupportedGenetically determined low vitamin D levels increase dementia risk by 54%.

Well SupportedVitamin D supplementation (800 IU daily for one year) improved memory, attention, and IQ in individuals with mild cognitive impairment.

Well SupportedVitamin D directly regulates neuronal inflammation, amyloid clearance, neurotrophic factors, and oxidative stress pathways by controlling gene expression.

Partially Supported