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Rapamycin extends mouse lifespan 9–14%
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Blue-light glasses improve sleep quality
Walking 10 min after meals blunts glucose
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Content›Video›Tools for Hormone Optimizati…

Tools for Hormone Optimization in Males | Dr. Kyle Gillett

Andrew Huberman2h 24m · 2022-12-12

Support Rate

65%

177 of 271 claims supported

Support rate

177 of 271 claims supported

177 supported94 partial / not

Claims from this content

239

✓Well SupportedProbiotics in Athletic Greens are vital for microbiotic health, which communicates with the brain and immune system to impact immediate and long-term health.✓Well SupportedAg One (formerly Athletic Greens) is a vitamin, mineral, and probiotic drink that provides foundational nutritional needs.✓Well SupportedCreatine monohydrate is a well-studied supplement for strength and performance, with 10 grams recommended as a baseline for brain benefits.✕Not SupportedCreatine supplementation may theoretically increase hair loss by increasing dihydrotestosterone (DHT), but this is not a reason to avoid creatine.✓Well SupportedZero alcohol consumption is healthier than any level of consumption, with two drinks per week being the upper limit for non-alcoholics to avoid additional health risks.

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Tools for Hormone Optimization in Males | Dr. Kyle Gillett — Whalespan

✓Well SupportedInjecting testosterone twice a week is a minimum for decent steady hormone concentrations for individuals seeking preventative medicine and good oversight.

✓Well SupportedAndrew Huberman ingests 5 grams per day of creatine monohydrate to support brain function and enhance focus.

✓Well SupportedFadogia agrestis may be beneficial for individuals with low luteinizing hormone levels, provided there are no issues with prolactin or opioid receptor antagonism.

✓Well SupportedDHT causes facial hair growth and scalp hair loss due to genetically determined differences in receptor sensitivity and density.

✓Well SupportedFree testosterone, which is biologically active, represents only about 1-3% of total testosterone.

✓Well SupportedCreatine supplementation may increase dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

✓Well SupportedInitiating workouts before 9:00 AM may positively impact all-day energy levels due to changes in body temperature.

✓Well SupportedIodine deficiency is primarily caused by goitrogens like sulforaphane and other isothiocyanates that compete with iodine at the ionic level in the thyroid.

✓Well SupportedDietary fat intake is necessary as a substrate for producing cholesterol-derived steroids, including hormones like testosterone and estradiol.

✓Well SupportedSex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) binds androgens and estrogens, influencing free androgen availability.

✓Well SupportedIn the absence of suspected endocrine dysfunction, baseline hormone levels should be established in late teens, mid-20s, and at age 30.

✓Well SupportedBoron supplementation may decrease SHBG, which can increase libido, especially when SHBG is elevated due to a ketogenic diet.

✓Well SupportedAndrew Huberman follows a foundational fitness program that includes resistance training and cardiovascular training, which he has followed for approximately 30 years.

✓Well SupportedBeing very lean, below 10% body fat, is likely to negatively impact testosterone levels.

✓Well SupportedEstrogen is important for libido, brain function, and bone health in both men and women, and levels should be kept as high as possible without negative symptoms.

✓Well SupportedIn males, alcohol can accelerate testosterone to estrogen conversion, leading to gynecomastia, diminished sex drive, and increased fat storage.

✓Well SupportedAchieving 80-90% of exercise benefit consistently over many months is superior to achieving 100% benefit only half the time.

✓Well SupportedFasting can increase growth hormone levels, but specific protocols are required for clinically significant increases.

✓Well SupportedBlack pepper extract (bioperine) is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor that can affect liver cytochrome and contribute to turmeric supplement side effects.

◐Partially SupportedOral L-carnitine has about 10-15% bioavailability, requiring a 10x higher dose compared to injection to achieve similar outcomes.

✓Well SupportedA reasonable goal for sleep is to achieve sufficient quality and duration 80% of the nights.

✓Well SupportedPhthalate exposure can disrupt the development of male reproductive organs by acting as anti-androgens.

✓Well SupportedAnecdotal observations suggest cannabis smokers have a higher incidence of gynecomastia.

✓Well SupportedHuman Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) stimulates testosterone production in the testes similarly to luteinizing hormone (LH).

✓Well SupportedTongkat ali can slightly increase DHEA and decrease SHBG in individuals with high SHBG levels.

✓Well SupportedResistance training in youth can increase growth hormone levels, though its direct effect on height development is not fully understood.

✓Well SupportedThe Indonesian variety of Tongkat Ali is considered most effective for potentially reducing sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and thereby freeing up testosterone.

✓Well SupportedProlonged sauna exposure may be detrimental for conception, and using a cold pack on the scrotum may be beneficial.

✕Not SupportedObtaining peptides without a doctor's prescription is risky due to potential contamination with LPS.

✓Well SupportedAccumulation of body fat, which releases the hormone leptin, can trigger the onset of puberty in females by activating GnRH-releasing neurons in the hypothalamus.

✓Well SupportedA sustainable vigorous exercise regimen is three to four times a week, with additional less vigorous exercise.

✓Well SupportedMeasuring both total and free sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is important because free hormones are considered the active form.

◐Partially SupportedClomiphene increases testosterone in a dose-dependent manner by blocking estrogen's negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary.

✓Well SupportedSustaining fertility while on testosterone therapy is possible with an adjunct protocol.

✓Well SupportedTestosterone replacement therapy can lower sperm count in males, requiring HCG for conception.

◐Partially SupportedIpamorelin is a ghrelin receptor agonist that does not significantly influence hunger, unlike MK-677 (ibutamoren).

◐Partially SupportedConsuming two drinks per week (approximately 20 grams of alcohol) is the maximum limit before negative health effects begin to manifest.

✕Not SupportedExcessive masturbation and pornography viewing may negatively impact hormone levels, with zero frequency potentially being optimal for some individuals.

✓Well SupportedA typical starting dose for testosterone replacement therapy is 50 milligrams twice a week.

◐Partially SupportedTadalafil increases androgen receptor density, similar to l-carnitine.

◐Partially SupportedTesamorelin is a growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) that is structurally similar to endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone.

✓Well SupportedIndividuals should get bloodwork interpreted by a qualified physician as early as possible.

✕Not SupportedFasting specifically to optimize growth hormone in individuals with normal growth hormone signaling is not helpful.

◐Partially SupportedVigorous workouts can increase sympathetic nervous system activity, potentially impacting how one feels for the rest of the day.

◐Partially SupportedTongkat Ali is associated with effects on free testosterone and estrogen ratio, leading to a shift in vitality.

✕Not SupportedVigorous exercise episodes lasting longer than an hour are not hormonally beneficial when performed regularly.

◐Partially SupportedDht is a critical androgen for libido, motivation, and drive.

✓Well SupportedAn entry-level dose for exogenous testosterone for symptom relief in most men is approximately 100-120 mg per week.

◐Partially SupportedGrowth hormone release is driven by intensity factor alone, unlike testosterone which is stimulated by both intensity and volume.

◐Partially SupportedInjectable l-carnitine has high absorption, with typical doses ranging from 500 to 2,000 milligrams.

✓Well SupportedApproximately 11% of the genetic component for male pattern baldness is inherited from the mother via the X chromosome.

◐Partially SupportedTadalafil can reduce nocturia episodes by half, potentially improving sleep and hormone optimization.

◐Partially SupportedHealthy trans fats are found in meat, cheese, and milk from ruminants.

✕Not SupportedTurmeric supplementation can significantly reduce DHT levels and negatively impact feelings of vitality.

✓Well SupportedA PSA level above 2.5 ng/mL is abnormal for younger individuals and warrants further investigation.

◐Partially SupportedGetting periodic bloodwork done starting in one's 20s allows for the assessment of health practices, nutrition, training, supplements, and medications.

◐Partially SupportedThe timing and duration of puberty determine an individual's final adult height.

◐Partially SupportedL-carnitine transports medium-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane for utilization.

◐Partially SupportedInjecting L-carnitine subcutaneously can cause significant burning; intramuscular injection is preferred for reduced pain and better absorption.

◐Partially SupportedInjectable l-carnitine requires a prescription and is typically administered intramuscularly as an aqueous solution.

◐Partially SupportedTestosterone therapy results in a steady-state level, unlike the natural pulsatile release pattern.

◐Partially SupportedAndrew Huberman takes 600mg of garlic with each dose of l-carnitine and avoids berberine due to headaches and carbohydrate cravings caused by blood sugar drops.

✕Not SupportedSourcing peptides online from unverified sources can be dangerous due to contaminants.

◐Partially SupportedChemical interventions like local/systemic DHT blockers, topical caffeine, and anti-fungals can stimulate hair growth.

◐Partially SupportedVery vigorous workouts can cause strain from heavy sympathetic activity that may affect subsequent states.

◐Partially SupportedAndrew Huberman's strength training warm-up protocol involves an initial set of ~8 repetitions followed by three sets of 5, 4, and 2 repetitions with heavier loads.

✕Not SupportedTestosterone replacement therapy (TRT) can limit fertility and presents other issues even at non-steroidal performance-enhancing dosages.

◐Partially SupportedFinishing workouts with energy remaining allows one to maintain vigor for the rest of the day.

✓Well Supported5-alpha reductase inhibitors reduce prostate size by 20-30% over six months.

✓Well SupportedVitamin D deficiency is associated with low testosterone in men, and supplementation can increase male hormones.

◐Partially SupportedOpiate agonists, GABA agonists, and smoked marijuana can decrease LH and FSH, subsequently reducing testosterone.

◐Partially SupportedHigh SHBG levels can lead to higher total DHT by reducing its metabolism, but may result in less free DHT.

◐Partially SupportedBetaine is included in some creatine formulations because it aids in the processing of methionine and homocysteine.

◐Partially SupportedCreatine monohydrate can significantly increase the conversion of testosterone to DHT and may also serve as a brain fuel and cognitive enhancer.

◐Partially SupportedInjecting L-carnitine into a specific muscle is likely to increase androgen receptor density in that muscle.

◐Partially SupportedGrowth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRPs) act as ghrelin agonists or GHRH-like peptides to increase growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1.

◐Partially SupportedExcess estrogen can increase sex hormone-binding globulin and thyroid-binding globulin, impacting thyroid function.

◐Partially SupportedEnclomiphene is a more selective isomer of clomiphene, acting antagonistically in the hypothalamus to increase testosterone, while its counterpart, zuclomiphene, has anti-androgenic activity and a longer half-life.

◐Partially SupportedHuman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is similar to TSH and increases significantly during the first trimester of pregnancy.

◐Partially SupportedBoron is depleted in the soils of many countries, potentially leading to lower dietary intake.

◐Partially SupportedAndrogen receptor sensitivity and density in the hair follicle determine hair loss, with DHT being a potent androgen that binds to these receptors.

◐Partially SupportedNon-synthetic human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is derived from the purified urine of first-trimester pregnant women.

◐Partially SupportedChecking IGF-1 is usually sufficient to assess adequate growth hormone and IGF-1 levels.

◐Partially SupportedOptimize nutrition and behaviors for hormone support before considering hormone supplements or prescription approaches.

◐Partially SupportedThe optimal sequence for health interventions is behavior change, then nutrition, then supplementation, and finally prescription drugs.

◐Partially SupportedAcetylcholine precursors like alpha GPC, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylcholine optimize nicotinic receptor activity better than nicotine.

◐Partially SupportedSaturated fat intake is correlated with hormone optimization because foods rich in saturated fat often contain fat-soluble vitamins and are nutrient-dense.

◐Partially SupportedTongkat ali supplements should be standardized for eurycomanone content.

◐Partially SupportedWorkouts involving 25 to 50 repetitions per set, performed in a circuit with light weights or bodyweight, are extremely demanding.

◐Partially SupportedSermorelin increased deep sleep but decreased REM sleep for the speaker.

◐Partially SupportedA systemic decrease in DHT may benefit individuals with prostate issues or myocardial hypertrophy.

✕Not SupportedHigh doses of l-carnitine or choline can convert to TMAO, a potential carcinogen, especially with a dysregulated gut microbiome.

✓Well SupportedA 2°C increase in scrotal temperature decreases spermatogenesis and sperm viability by 20%.

◐Partially SupportedTopical finasteride is systemically absorbed to a degree that can decrease systemic DHT by approximately 30%.

◐Partially SupportedHigh doses of nicotine over long periods have a dose-dependent effect on hormone profiles.

◐Partially SupportedThe androgen receptor gene is located on the X chromosome, meaning men inherit it from their mother.

◐Partially SupportedA conservative dosing regimen for Fadogia agrestis is 600 milligrams every other day or three times per week.

◐Partially SupportedBeta-alanine does not require cycling because it is an amino acid and does not shut down endogenous processes.

◐Partially SupportedAvoiding tight-fitting clothing can restore fertility without medication or supplements.

◐Partially SupportedSitting for prolonged periods, especially in heated car seats, can decrease sperm count due to increased scrotal temperature.

◐Partially SupportedDiet and exercise are foundational lifestyle pillars for optimizing hormone status in males.

◐Partially SupportedExcessive stress can negatively impact diet and exercise, leading to hormonal imbalances.

◐Partially SupportedDHT is the strongest bioidentical androgen and plays a prominent role in secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.

◐Partially SupportedAndrew Huberman takes 400mg of tongkat ali daily, early in the day, and has been doing so for years without cycling.

◐Partially SupportedTaking amino acids before sleep may support growth hormone release, as most growth hormone is secreted during sleep.

◐Partially SupportedScreening questionnaires, such as the ADAM questionnaire for men's health, exist to assess hormone-related health.

◐Partially SupportedHypothyroidism is more prevalent in inland populations than coastal populations.

◐Partially SupportedOptimizing growth hormone and IGF-1 up to approximately age 25 aids bone density and bone growth.

◐Partially SupportedMaintaining sufficient free estrogen levels helps stockpile bone to prevent osteoporosis or fractures later in life.

✕Not SupportedTraining more intensely than a preferred protocol, even with lighter weights, faster cadence, and lower rest, can lead to negative effects like headaches and irritability.

◐Partially SupportedEarly in life, affordable supplements like whey protein, fish oil, and creatine were used due to financial constraints.

◐Partially SupportedIbutamoren (MK-677), a ghrelin agonist, can increase blood glucose and is concerning for individuals with insulin resistance or pre-diabetes.

◐Partially SupportedFiber intake is crucial for establishing the gut microbiome set point throughout life, acting as a prebiotic for beneficial gut bacteria.

◐Partially SupportedMany benefits obtainable from supplements can also be derived from food.

◐Partially SupportedConsciously squeezing pelvic floor muscles during exercises like the Valsalva maneuver or using glutes and legs can help build pelvic floor strength.

◐Partially SupportedWeight training, even at low to moderate intensity or with lighter weights, can contribute to hypertrophy of collagen in tendons and ligaments.

◐Partially SupportedYoung males who deliberately overeat and lift heavy weights during puberty may limit their total height and shut down long bone growth.

◐Partially SupportedSedatives like Valium can suppress testosterone levels.

◐Partially SupportedIntense sexual experiences can lead to subsequent depressive episodes and low libido.

◐Partially SupportedTongkat ali does not require cycling.

◐Partially SupportedFadogia agrestis can be dosed at 600mg daily for a month, followed by a 1-2 week break, if liver enzymes are monitored or interventions are used to prevent their increase.

◐Partially SupportedWeak acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and alkaloids like cytisine may help optimize nicotinic receptor activity.

◐Partially SupportedBetaine is typically taken at a dosage of 1 to 3 grams per day.

◐Partially SupportedL-carnitine is a peptide composed of two amino acids.

✕Not SupportedExcessively long runs (two hours) or spending 90 minutes in the gym frequently leads to feeling unwell, suffering sleep, and poor recovery.

✕Not SupportedTraining vigorously for more than an hour more than once every two months can lead to trouble.

◐Partially SupportedThe Valsalva maneuver can help identify varicoceles by decreasing venous return and increasing blood in the veins.

◐Partially SupportedExcessive contraction of the pelvic floor can limit blood flow to the penis and negatively impact erectile function, as the erection response is parasympathetic and requires relaxation.

◐Partially SupportedTadalafil can slightly decrease blood pressure, particularly at higher doses (20mg), and may affect red/green color discrimination.

◐Partially SupportedErectile dysfunction can be an early indicator of plaque buildup in the arteries.

◐Partially SupportedUndescended testes carry a risk of testicular cancer and heat damage if not surgically corrected early.

◐Partially SupportedExtremely small amounts of chewed nicotine are less concerning long-term than smoked nicotine due to carcinogen content.

◐Partially SupportedGhrelin agonists like Ibutamoren (MK-677) can cause anxiety and hunger, and are often taken in the evening.

◐Partially SupportedSupplements and prescribed medications are both tools to achieve an end goal, with medications generally having stronger therapeutic effects and potentially more side effects.

◐Partially SupportedHeavy leg exercises like hack squats and deadlifts, when performed correctly, can augment and strengthen the pelvic floor.

◐Partially SupportedWeight training increases growth hormone transiently for a few hours, and some IGF-1 is released directly by the muscle.

✕Not SupportedNicotine is a vasoconstrictor that can contribute to cardiovascular disease, microvascular ischemic disease, and neurodegenerative conditions.

◐Partially SupportedPornography and masturbation can lead to neuroplastic changes where males become aroused by watching others have sex rather than being active participants, potentially decreasing motivation for real-world sexual partners.

◐Partially SupportedOptimizing hormones in young adults with normal levels involves good sleep, balanced training, and supplementation that does not suppress endogenous production.

◐Partially SupportedLabs should be ordered to assess hormone levels in individuals presenting with symptoms like low libido and erectile dysfunction.

◐Partially SupportedMonitoring testosterone therapy requires tracking metrics like LDL and ApoB.

◐Partially SupportedMotivational interviewing is a key technique for assessing hormone optimization needs.

◐Partially SupportedBloodwork is recommended for healthy children in Tanner stages 4 and 5.

◐Partially SupportedThe first puberty in infants involves changes related to androgens and estrogens, driven by DHEA.

◐Partially SupportedNocturnal penile tumescence testing can indicate if sexual challenges are psychogenic in origin.

◐Partially SupportedTongkat ali may be especially powerful for testosterone synthesis when insulin and IGF-1 levels are lower.

◐Partially SupportedFinasteride inhibits the 5-alpha reductase isoenzyme in genital skin, potentially causing loss of sensation and erectile dysfunction.

◐Partially SupportedFollow-up hormone level bloodwork is typically recommended six months after initial monitoring.

◐Partially SupportedCholesterol acts as a hormone by binding to estrogen-related receptor alpha, influencing metabolism and potentially cancer risk.

◐Partially SupportedBloodwork should be obtained for concerns about stature, height, or pubertal timing deviations.

◐Partially SupportedSocial connection is a vital pillar for well-being and can indirectly impact hormone optimization.

◐Partially SupportedOvertraining combined with a large caloric deficit can lead to very bad blood work and low free testosterone.

◐Partially SupportedAdequate vitamin D intake is important for testosterone production, bone mineralization, and stature.

◐Partially SupportedKegels are only one of many exercises that can benefit the pelvic floor, and relying solely on them is insufficient for addressing pelvic floor pathology.

◐Partially SupportedTestosterone therapy might be explored for individuals with normal testosterone levels but experiencing symptoms like diminished libido, poor workout recovery, or reduced motivation.

◐Partially SupportedA qualified physician should interpret blood tests for hormone levels.

◐Partially SupportedConsuming dairy during puberty can help increase IGF-1 and free IGF-1 levels.

◐Partially SupportedThe visual side effect of tadalafil affecting red/green color discrimination is generally not clinically significant unless one is a commercial pilot.

◐Partially SupportedExtremely low doses of nicotine gum are theoretically maintainable and would not overload the nicotinic receptor.

◐Partially SupportedThe Valsalva maneuver can indicate pelvic floor tightness, and a history of inguinal hernia may suggest pelvic floor weakness.

◐Partially SupportedA combination of weight training for hormonal and tissue growth, along with casual exercise like walking and stretching, is a balanced approach to sexual health.

◐Partially SupportedSaw palmetto is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor that only affects some isoenzymes, unlike finasteride and dutasteride.

◐Partially SupportedSubjective measures like libido, workout recovery, energy, and confidence can be difficult to assess for healthy ranges, especially in males who lack a monthly hormonal cycle for comparison.

◐Partially SupportedMany individuals using peptides take doses far above the physiologic range and do not check binding peptides like IGFBP-1, 2, or 3, which can significantly alter free IGF-1 levels.

◐Partially SupportedMales may lack the language and familiarity with hormonal fluctuations that females experience through their monthly cycle.

◐Partially SupportedGrowth hormone is released by the pituitary, stimulated by GHRH and ghrelin, and has a short half-life that transiently increases IGF-1.

◐Partially SupportedMen with genetic polymorphisms in SHBG or varicoceles tend to have very low or very high SHBG levels, respectively, affecting free testosterone percentage.

◐Partially SupportedHigher boron content in soils may contribute to higher reference ranges for testosterone in regions like Greece and Turkey.

◐Partially SupportedDrugs that block the DHT pathway can lead to diminished sex drive, motivation, and general vigor.

◐Partially SupportedMenotropins are derived from the purified urine of menopausal women with high LH and FSH levels.

◐Partially SupportedCBD and edible cannabis/THC do not appear to significantly disrupt hormone levels.

◐Partially SupportedTongkat ali does not have direct effects on thyroid hormone or growth hormone pathways.

◐Partially SupportedBetaine can be used as an alternative or adjunct to creatine for non-responders to aid in amino acid synthesis and energy shunting.

◐Partially SupportedAlcohol contains seven kilocalories per gram and is GABAergic, which can activate inhibitory neurotransmission and decrease testosterone release by affecting LH and FSH.

◐Partially SupportedThe positive compounds in red wine are not present in sufficient quantities to offset the negative effects of alcohol.

◐Partially SupportedAllicin from garlic, berberine, and optimizing gut microbiome can help decrease the conversion of carnitine and choline to TMAO.

✕Not SupportedSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like clomiphene are primarily useful as a temporary measure when testosterone is so low that recovery is unlikely.

✕Not SupportedMales in their teens, twenties, or thirties with testosterone and estrogen levels within the normal reference range should not take exogenous testosterone due to negative effects on fertility.

✕Not SupportedIndividuals in their 20s with normal testosterone levels should not take exogenous testosterone, with rare exceptions.

✕Not SupportedNicotine from tobacco smoke is concerning for testosterone and estrogen levels, and even chewed nicotine can be dose-dependent.

✕Not SupportedTopical spironolactone is absorbed systemically and should not be used by males unless prescribed.

✕Not SupportedSmoked cannabis diminishes testosterone levels and increases prolactin.

✕Not SupportedTestosterone therapy at 120mg/week can have adverse effects including acne, skin pathologies, bruising, hair loss, mental status changes, cardiovascular issues, ferritin buildup, fertility problems, and lipid changes.

✕Not SupportedStarting testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) with low or no aromatase activity can lead to increased free thyroid hormones and potential tachycardia due to decreased thyroxine binding globulin.

◐Partially SupportedPeptides are chains of amino acids ranging from two to a couple hundred in length.

◐Partially SupportedPrebiotic fiber and essential fatty acids are important for brain development throughout the lifespan, particularly from teenage years through the 30s.

◐Partially SupportedDHT disproportionately thickens the ventricle, which could be a benefit for individuals on TRT prone to ventricular thickening.

◐Partially SupportedLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a common additive in products sold by non-pharmacy companies for human consumption, and its presence can potentially alter baseline body temperature, especially when combined with peptides.

◐Partially SupportedTaking testosterone at doses of 600-800 ng/dL is augmenting, not replacing, hormone levels for many individuals.

◐Partially SupportedDoses of 200mg of testosterone per week can be significantly above the reference range for many individuals.

◐Partially SupportedFasting increases growth hormone release, but downstream gene transcription for growth hormone and IGF-1 is not significantly higher due to less sensitive receptor binding.

◐Partially SupportedAvoiding food intake for two hours before bed is clinically significant and helpful for optimizing pulsatile growth hormone secretion during sleep.

◐Partially SupportedMultivitamins may be reasonable for individuals with highly exclusionary diets or those planning for fertility.

◐Partially SupportedThe safe dose of Fadogia agrestis in humans is an average of 300 milligrams per day.

◐Partially SupportedA rat study indicated Fadogia agrestis can increase pro-inflammatory markers GGT and alkaline phosphatase.

✕Not SupportedIt is generally not recommended to consume more than three to four standard drinks of alcohol every two weeks.

◐Partially SupportedLifelong movement, sunlight, and heat/cold exposure are vital for health.

◐Partially SupportedStopping daily hot tub use can restore fertility in some individuals.

◐Partially SupportedTechniques to ameliorate stress include mindfulness, relaxation techniques, spending time outdoors, dietary changes, exercise, prayer, meditation, and therapy.

◐Partially SupportedGhrelin agonists can be considered for individuals with very low growth hormone or those who struggle with hunger and insufficient food intake.

◐Partially SupportedEstradiol alpha receptor influences long bone growth in males and can be affected by early puberty and body fat conversion of testosterone to estrogen.

◐Partially SupportedDieting and actively trying to lose body fat is safe and wise for young people under physician supervision.

◐Partially SupportedLeptin directly binds to a G protein-coupled receptor on the hypothalamus, causally triggering puberty onset.

◐Partially SupportedThe increase in childhood obesity is associated with an earlier onset of puberty in both males and females.

◐Partially SupportedProlonged sitting on a bicycle seat can damage the prostate by putting pressure on the perineum.

◐Partially SupportedTadalafil can affect red/green color discrimination, which is generally not clinically significant unless one is a commercial pilot.

◐Partially SupportedTopical anti-androgens like ketoconazole and caffeine can be used by individuals predisposed to ventricular thickening.

◐Partially SupportedThe beneficial actions of turmeric often act primarily on the gut microbiome and do not require bioavailability.

◐Partially SupportedA grade 3 or 4 varicocele can present as a 'bag of worms' appearance in the scrotum.

✕Not SupportedSermorelin caused a spike in prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels.

✕Not SupportedPure carnivore or very pure vegan diets may significantly decrease free androgens in young males, making them a poor choice during development.

✕Not SupportedTrans fats should generally be eliminated from the diet, except for those naturally occurring in ruminants fed grass.

◐Partially SupportedYoung males should avoid 'dirty bulking' indefinitely to reach maximum height and avoid laying down excess body fat cells.

◐Partially SupportedTopical caffeine applied to the scalp can weakly crowd out androgens.

◐Partially SupportedBerberine can cause the dawn phenomenon, leading to blood sugar drops during sleep.

◐Partially SupportedSermorelin increases Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), while BPC 157 is used for tissue healing and recovery.

◐Partially SupportedBPA binds to estrogen-related receptor gamma, acting as a xenoestrogen.

◐Partially SupportedKyle Gillett avoids drinking out of cans or plastics that may contain BPA.

◐Partially SupportedIn type 1 diabetes, growth hormone levels can be extremely high while IGF-1 levels are low.

◐Partially SupportedVarying protocols suggest either high doses or around 200 micrograms of iodine per day for appropriate thyroid hormone levels.

◐Partially SupportedRadioactive iodine tablets are an extremely high dose of iodine used to block radioactive iodine absorption after a nuclear event.

◐Partially SupportedIodized salt prevents goiter but is not the ideal form of iodine, with good iodine sources often coming from the ocean.

◐Partially SupportedProcessed mac and cheese should be avoided by pregnant women due to potential phthalate contamination.

◐Partially SupportedPhthalates are most enriched in pesticides, potentially explaining lower sperm and testosterone levels in rural populations.

◐Partially SupportedArtificial environments with artificial lights and air conditioning can negatively affect the body.

◐Partially SupportedDirty bulking, which involves eating excess calories to gain both lean mass and body fat, has the potential to stunt growth.

◐Partially SupportedElite bodybuilders are often very parasympathetic outside of lifting sessions, characterized by being 'lazy' and enjoying eating.

◐Partially SupportedAn hour of exercise per day is a sustainable program for most people.

◐Partially SupportedA 45-minute jog at least once a week is necessary to maintain optimal blood profiles, including testosterone and estrogen levels.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals should aim for a balance between high enough free DHT and high enough total DHT.

◐Partially SupportedAdrenarche is the second activation of the adrenal glands.

◐Partially SupportedThe ADAM questionnaire is available online for self-administration, though it is not a clinically validated tool like ASCVD risk calculators, PHQ9 for depression, or GAD7 for anxiety.

✕Not SupportedClomid can cause visual changes and other side effects due to its receptor inhibition profile.

◐Partially SupportedGrowth hormone signaling in muscles is released peripherally and is not concerning regarding insulin resistance, unlike liver-released IGF-1.