Are all calories created equal? | Peter Attia and Layne Norton

Partially SupportedCarbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds in hydrocarbons are the most energy-dense bonds in the body, explaining why fats have more energy per gram than carbohydrates.

Partially SupportedFecal matter typically contains 5-10% of the ingested energy.

Partially SupportedThe amount of energy liberated from the same foods can vary significantly between individuals, potentially due to differences in gut microbiome composition.

Partially SupportedEnergy stored in food's chemical bonds is converted to electrical energy via the electron transport chain and then back to chemical energy.

Partially SupportedObesity-prone individuals may have a gut microflora that is more efficient at extracting energy from food.