Audit a URL →

Sign in Sign up free

Loading…

Weekly · Sunday Morning

Five longevity claims.
Worth your time.
Every Sunday.

Last Sunday

Rapamycin extends mouse lifespan 9–14%
NAD+ precursors reverse aging in humans
Blue-light glasses improve sleep quality
Walking 10 min after meals blunts glucose
Verdict change — caffeine half-life downgraded

5 audits·1 verdict change·0 affiliate links·Every Sunday

Joining 1,247 readers — founders, MDs, and longevity-obsessed people who fact-check their own health decisions.

Browse

Decisions Claims Content Creators

Product

Audit a URL Sunday roundup API (soon)Pricing

About

FAQ Methodology Editorial Standards Corrections Press & brand RSS feed

Legal

Terms of Service Privacy Policy DMCA

Finally, something serious in this space.
Because we actually read the papers.

© 2026 Whalespan. Independent, evidence-graded longevity.

The four horsemen of death and how to prevent them — Whalespan

Content›Video›The four horsemen of death a…

The four horsemen of death and how to prevent them

Peter Attia20m · 2024-07-31

Claims Made

28

Claims Supported

28

Support Rate

100%

Support rate

28 of 28 claims supported

28 supported0 partial / not

Claims from this content

26

✓Well SupportedFurther reduction of ApoB beyond 50% yields smaller incremental event reduction.✓Well SupportedApoB particles are involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.✓Well SupportedMetabolic diseases like fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and dementia by 25-50%.✓Well SupportedApproximately 19 million deaths annually from cardiovascular disease are preventable.Partially Supported

More from Peter Attia

Peter Attia on Zone 2 Cardio

Peter Attia on Rapamycin (with Matt Kaeberlein)

Attia walks back the clinic protocol: too aggressive for healthy adults

Discussion

Native comments, Twitter mentions, and Reddit threads about this content — surfaced together so the conversation isn't fragmented across platforms.

M

Share your read of this content…

Posting publicly as you · linked to your social profiles

Sort by:

AV

A. Volkovreader

4h

Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

NP

N. Park

2d

Would love a "what would change this verdict" RSS feed. Sign me up if it exists.

◐

Interventions to lower atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk also reduce dementia risk.

◐Partially SupportedMetabolic diseases, driven primarily by overnutrition and energy imbalance, are a major consequence of insulin resistance.

◐Partially SupportedSmoking and hypertension are well-understood major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, primarily acting by weakening or injuring the endothelium.

✓Well SupportedObesity, through inflammation and associated growth factors like insulin and IGF-1, is a significant environmental trigger for approximately 25-27 types of cancer, including colorectal and potentially lung cancer.

◐Partially SupportedExercise has a greater positive impact on preventing neurodegenerative disease than cardiovascular disease.

◐Partially SupportedAvoiding neurodegenerative and dementing diseases is a high priority due to the lack of viable therapeutic options.

◐Partially SupportedReducing inflammation through improvements in nutrition, sleep, and exercise can lower cardiovascular disease risk.

◐Partially SupportedPreventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease requires reducing apoB particles, protecting the endothelium, and managing inflammation.

◐Partially SupportedSmoking and obesity are significant environmental triggers for cancer.

◐Partially SupportedSmoking, high blood pressure, and metabolic conditions associated with insulin resistance aggravate and weaken the endothelium, making it more vulnerable to apob particle penetration.

◐Partially SupportedHigher cognitive reserve and higher movement reserve increase resilience to the effects of neurodegenerative conditions.

✓Well SupportedReducing inflammation is best achieved through broad lifestyle interventions like nutrition, sleep, and exercise, rather than specific pharmacological agents.

◐Partially SupportedThe three key pathways for atherosclerotic disease are lipoprotein, endothelial, and inflammatory pathways.

◐Partially SupportedAtherosclerotic and metabolic diseases are the most understood among the four horsemen of death in terms of their pathophysiological drivers and prevention strategies.

◐Partially SupportedEarly and aggressive screening is important for preventing neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

◐Partially SupportedAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has genetic and environmental components, but not significant luck or stochastic mutation.

◐Partially SupportedTreatment options for advanced cancer are less effective than those for advanced cardiovascular disease, resulting in a poorer prognosis for stage four cancer patients.

◐Partially SupportedPlaque rupture can lead to heart attack, which is fatal about 50% of the time on first occurrence.

◐Partially SupportedThe 10-year survival rate for stage IV metastatic solid organ cancer has not significantly improved compared to 50 years ago.

◐Partially SupportedUnlike cardiovascular disease, cancer has many clear genetic drivers but often appears polygenic with unidentified genes.

◐Partially SupportedThe playbook for preventing cancer is less comprehensive than the playbook for preventing heart disease.

◐Partially SupportedSomatic mutations, either tumor-promoting or in tumor suppressor genes, play a significant role in cancer development.