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Rapamycin extends mouse lifespan 9–14%
NAD+ precursors reverse aging in humans
Blue-light glasses improve sleep quality
Walking 10 min after meals blunts glucose
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Dr. Aubrey de Grey and Dr. Rhonda Patrick Talk Aging — Whalespan

Content›Video›Dr. Aubrey de Grey and Dr. R…

Dr. Aubrey de Grey and Dr. Rhonda Patrick Talk Aging

Rhonda Patrick45m · 2015-09-09

Claims Made

84

Claims Supported

64

Support Rate

76%

Support rate

64 of 84 claims supported

64 supported20 partial / not

Claims from this content

71

✓Well SupportedLow magnesium levels exacerbate the risk of DNA damage as magnesium is essential for DNA repair enzymes.✓Well SupportedAtherosclerosis is caused by the inflammatory response to oxidized cholesterol accumulation in macrophages within the artery wall.✓Well SupportedSteve Horvath's epigenetic clock can accurately predict biological age within +/- 4 years with 96% accuracy.✓Well SupportedThe brain's glymphatic system is highly active during deep sleep to clear metabolic waste products.Well Supported

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A. Volkovreader

4h

Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

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Would love a "what would change this verdict" RSS feed. Sign me up if it exists.

✓

In Japanese semi-super centenarians, suppression of inflammation was the only biomarker that predicted survival to the next age group.

✓Well SupportedExtreme obesity (BMI 40-45) is associated with a 7-year decrease in life expectancy, and morbid obesity (BMI 55-60) is associated with a 14-year decrease.

✓Well SupportedPlacenta and umbilical cord tissue are rich sources of pluripotent stem cells.

✓Well SupportedThe thymus shrinks and is replaced by fat after age 50, impairing vaccine response.

✓Well SupportedBlood from older animals can negatively affect younger animals' biomarkers and disease-related markers, while young blood can improve older animals.

◐Partially SupportedDifferences in circulating products between species may explain the lack of benefit from human parabiosis experiments compared to mice.

◐Partially SupportedThe inflammatory response in older individuals may be necessary to fight infections due to immune system decline.

✓Well SupportedIdentifying specific blood factors that causally influence aging is challenging and may rely on serendipity, with potentially undiscovered central but counterintuitive factors.

◐Partially SupportedThe United States ranks approximately 45th in longevity among industrialized nations.

◐Partially SupportedAtherosclerosis would not develop if oxidized cholesterol accumulation, which triggers inflammatory responses, could be eliminated.

◐Partially SupportedThe correlation between methylation patterns and age (R-squared of 96%) is lower in adults aged 23-80 (around 70%), which indicates variation that can be used to assess differential aging rates.

◐Partially SupportedThe difference in life expectancy between the USA and Japan is approximately four years.

◐Partially SupportedEven with optimal micronutrient intake, aging will still occur, but the rate and quality of aging may improve.

◐Partially SupportedThe epigenetic clock is coordinated with development and may regulate aging.

✕Not SupportedViewing aging and age-related diseases as distinct phenomena is an oversimplification.

✕Not SupportedTranslating variation in aging rates into therapeutic regimens primarily slows damage accumulation rather than repairing existing damage and is less effective when applied late in life.

◐Partially SupportedReprogramming cells to an embryonic state and then re-differentiating them can result in oligopotent stem cells with suppressed p16.

◐Partially SupportedCombining epigenetic methylation analysis with the study of variations in epigenetic signatures can help predict age-related ill health.

◐Partially SupportedThe efficiency of current cell reprogramming methods can be low, but is improving.

◐Partially SupportedThe circulation and blood cells transmit damage by releasing substances such as hydrogen peroxide and reactive nitrogen species when activated.

✕Not SupportedDampening the inflammatory response in older adults could increase their risk of dying from infections.

◐Partially SupportedDedifferentiation to an iPS state may preferentially select cells with low P16 expression from older individuals.

◐Partially SupportedCRISPR technology could potentially be used to enhance anti-inflammatory capabilities, as removing the anti-inflammatory component of NF-kB in mice led to premature aging.

◐Partially SupportedGrowth hormone and IGF-1 are important for development, growth, muscle repair, and neuron growth, but can promote the survival of damaged cells in older individuals.

◐Partially SupportedImproving nutrition to the average level for the population can significantly increase health and life expectancy, particularly for the lower socioeconomic strata.

◐Partially SupportedHigher levels of growth hormone are beneficial for muscle maintenance but increase cancer risk, while lower levels reduce cancer risk.

◐Partially SupportedAutologous administration is the ideal method for regenerative medicine.

◐Partially SupportedCRISPR technology is important for aging research because it facilitates genetic modifications for damage repair.

◐Partially SupportedAging is an inevitable process driven by damage from energy production, which cannot be stopped by nutrient intake alone.

◐Partially SupportedSomatic gene therapy has faced challenges in safety due to the difficulty in controlling viral vector insertion sites, which can lead to oncogenesis.

◐Partially SupportedLife expectancy in Japan and the US decreased by one year between 2012-2013, with a more significant drop in male life expectancy in Japan.

◐Partially SupportedPlasma exchange and phoresis are alternative approaches to parabiosis that aim to remove or add substances to blood.

◐Partially SupportedUsing six Yamanaka factors for reprogramming senescent cells leads to higher fidelity reprogramming compared to the original Yamanaka factors.

◐Partially SupportedRecombinant proteins like EPO and human growth factor could potentially replicate the effects of identified aging-related factors.

◐Partially SupportedThe accumulation of intracellular and extracellular damage is a driver of aging.

◐Partially SupportedThe imbalance between damage accumulation and repair in aging is caused by damage that accumulates early in life and cannot be repaired, which then accelerates the creation of other damage and impedes existing repair mechanisms.

◐Partially SupportedVitamin K is necessary for blood coagulation.

◐Partially SupportedSupercentenarians may represent a 25% to 30% increase in human lifespan, achieving ages around 115 years while remaining healthy.

◐Partially SupportedCancer is the primary driver in an evolutionary sense for DNA repair and maintenance quality, as a single cell mutation can be fatal.

◐Partially SupportedAging is a side effect of being alive, resulting from the accumulation of molecular and cellular changes that are inevitable consequences of biological processes.

◐Partially SupportedInflammation is essential for surviving infections but exacerbates age-related damage when not precisely controlled.

◐Partially SupportedFactors changing in blood abundance with age, potentially transmitting damage, may include cells like T cells and small molecules like glutathione.

◐Partially SupportedDamage that cannot be repaired during youth can lead to epigenetic changes, altering gene expression and cell function.

◐Partially SupportedAdhering strictly to a healthy lifestyle likely adds only about two years to lifespan.

◐Partially SupportedThe SENS Foundation is interested in all methods of removing molecular waste, both intracellular and extracellular.

◐Partially SupportedCRISPR technology can address aging and age-related diseases by targeting and modifying genes.

◐Partially SupportedThe accumulation of molecular and cellular damage eventually exceeds the body's tolerance, leading to age-related decline.

◐Partially SupportedDelivering CRISPR technology to specific tissues like the liver or heart in vivo is more challenging than ex vivo applications using blood cells.

◐Partially SupportedStandard methods of creating induced pluripotent stem cells do not completely erase the epigenetic state of the original cell, leaving some 'epigenetic memory'.

◐Partially SupportedA 12-year longitudinal study in early adults investigated variations in epigenetic signatures and their correlation with age-related pathology.

◐Partially SupportedUsing six reprogramming factors results in considerably less epigenetic memory retention compared to standard Yamanaka factors.

◐Partially SupportedThe cell cycle regulator ARF p16(INK4a) is epigenetically silenced during early youth to allow stem cells to divide.

◐Partially SupportedReprogramming cells to pluripotency can be achieved using messenger RNA or by electroporating proteins, without viruses.

◐Partially SupportedB vitamins are essential for mitochondrial function.

◐Partially SupportedMeaningful questions about epigenetics in relation to actual aging require analysis of individual cells.

◐Partially SupportedEpigenetics studies changes in gene expression due to aging or other factors, involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromosome packing.

◐Partially SupportedThe hypothesis is that epigenetic noise does not increase significantly with age because evolutionary drivers prioritize cancer prevention before reproduction.

◐Partially SupportedAll age-related phenomena are interdependent parts of the same process: the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage, which can be controlled by developing interventions to periodically repair this damage.

◐Partially SupportedCRISPR technology offers improved site specificity and high fidelity for genetic modifications, allowing for increased titer and penetrance of engineered DNA without increasing off-target effects.

◐Partially SupportedInduced pluripotent stem cells can be generated without viruses using messenger RNA or electroporated proteins.

✕Not SupportedGene ontology analysis can be misused and people may over-interpret initial findings due to the multiple hypothesis problem.

◐Partially SupportedExcluding genetics, the difference in health and life expectancy between the middle 10% and the top 10% of the population is negligible.

◐Partially SupportedThe cost of personalized cell reprogramming is expected to decrease over time, making cell banking obsolete.

◐Partially SupportedAlzheimer's disease is an inflammatory response to accumulating amyloid and tau, and would not occur if these materials were cleared before triggering inflammation.

◐Partially SupportedIn centenarians and supercentenarians, inflammation was the only biomarker that consistently drove aging and increased the risk of non-accident death.

◐Partially SupportedElite populations living to 105-110 likely have a weak inflammatory response, which helps them avoid succumbing to age-related diseases like atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's.

◐Partially SupportedAnalyzing variations from the R-squared value in epigenetic clock studies can reveal pathology at younger ages.