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Weekly · Sunday Morning

Five longevity claims.
Worth your time.
Every Sunday.

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Rapamycin extends mouse lifespan 9–14%
NAD+ precursors reverse aging in humans
Blue-light glasses improve sleep quality
Walking 10 min after meals blunts glucose
Verdict change — caffeine half-life downgraded

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Female Hormone Health, Fertility & Vitality | Dr. Natalie Crawford — Whalespan

Content›Video›Female Hormone Health, Ferti…

Female Hormone Health, Fertility & Vitality | Dr. Natalie Crawford

Andrew Huberman3h 28m · 2023-11-13

Support Rate

70%

274 of 394 claims supported

Support rate

274 of 394 claims supported

274 supported120 partial / not

Claims from this content

296

✓Well SupportedAG1 is a vitamin, mineral, probiotic drink with adaptogens designed to meet foundational nutritional needs and provide insurance for adequate fruit and vegetable intake.✓Well SupportedHelix Sleep mattresses and pillows are tailored to individual sleep needs assessed through a quiz.✓Well SupportedSleep is the foundation of mental health, physical health, and performance, and optimizing sleep is crucial for happiness, productivity, and overall life quality.✓Well SupportedMaui Nei venison offers a high protein-to-calorie ratio, facilitating the intake of one gram of protein per pound of body weight without excessive calories.◐Partially SupportedSupplements can provide benefits for sleep, focus, hormone support, and other aspects of mental and physical health and performance.

More from Andrew Huberman

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A. Volkovreader

4h

Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

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2d

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✓Well SupportedAntral follicle count is measured via ultrasound to estimate the number of eggs leaving the ovarian reserve monthly.

✓Well SupportedFemales are born with approximately six to seven million eggs at 20 weeks gestation.

✓Well SupportedQuality nutrition positively influences physical health, mental health, and cognitive functions.

✓Well SupportedAchieving 1 gram of protein per pound of bodyweight requires focusing on protein quality while maintaining caloric intake.

✕Not SupportedWomen with an intact uterus taking estrogen alone have a high risk of endometrial cancer and increased vaginal bleeding.

✓Well SupportedHarvesting eggs for freezing or IVF does not diminish the total pool of eggs available and therefore does not affect the age of menopause onset.

✓Well SupportedElevated estrogen levels before ovulation trigger a positive feedback loop stimulating FSH and LH release for ovulation.

✓Well SupportedSperm survival within the female reproductive tract for several days reduces the need for precise ovulation timing for fertilization.

✕Not SupportedEvidence for metformin extending human lifespan is not convincing, and research is shifting towards rapamycin.

✓Well SupportedBirth control pills do not deplete the ovarian reserve faster or harm fertility, although prolonged use can lead to a reversible suppression of AMH.

✓Well SupportedConsidering egg freezing or an AMH blood test is a relevant follow-up question for individuals who do not wish to become pregnant immediately but desire future fertility.

✕Not SupportedCannabis use can disrupt sperm motility and morphology, reducing the number of quality forwardly motile sperm available for fertilization.

✓Well SupportedMen should abstain from ejaculation for 72 hours prior to providing a semen analysis specimen, as frequent ejaculation can deplete sperm counts.

✓Well SupportedA dosage of one gram per day of the EPA form of omega-3 fatty acids is recommended.

✓Well SupportedPractices that optimize male and female fertility also optimize overall vitality and longevity.

✓Well SupportedIncreased Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in PCOS stimulates ovarian theca cells to produce excess androgens, blocking follicle growth and preventing ovulation.

✓Well SupportedThe optimal time for women to freeze eggs is between ages 32 and 33.

◐Partially SupportedThe oral bioavailability of L-carnitine is low (10-15%), necessitating significantly higher doses compared to injections to achieve similar outcomes.

✓Well SupportedFreezing sperm is significantly easier and cheaper than freezing eggs, with a lower likelihood of reversal failure compared to vasectomy reversals.

✓Well SupportedSperm DNA fragmentation is not assessed by current ICSI selection methods based on morphology and motility.

◐Partially SupportedIn ICSI, sperm with the best morphology and motility are selected and injected into an egg.

✓Well SupportedHaving sex every other day is optimal for conception, with pregnancy rates occurring 5 days before ovulation.

✓Well SupportedEstrogen is neuroprotective and helps preserve brain function by maintaining blood vessel pliability.

✓Well SupportedMen respond more favorably to a woman's scent or facial appearance during the preovulatory phase of her cycle.

✓Well SupportedSleep is the most important factor impacting reproductive hormone system and thus egg/sperm quality.

✓Well SupportedThe menstrual cycle consists of a follicular phase followed by a luteal phase.

✓Well SupportedCarbohydrates are not essential for hormone production; hormones are synthesized from fat and cholesterol.

✓Well SupportedCoQ10 has robust human data supporting its benefits without negative side effects, making it a more straightforward supplement choice than NR or NMN for fertility.

✓Well SupportedSperm health testing is available for approximately $200-$300 and some companies offer sperm freezing for IVF.

✕Not SupportedCannabis use can cause DNA damage in sperm, potentially leading to miscarriages and IVF 'day 3 crashes'.

◐Partially SupportedThe incidence of implantation failure is low (5%) when transferring euploid embryos, with cumulative success rates reaching 95% after three single embryo transfers.

✓Well SupportedCommon symptoms of PCOS include irregular periods, high androgen levels, and obesity or being overweight.

◐Partially SupportedIf a woman is still ovulating and having periods while on a progesterone IUD, the concern about the uterine lining not growing back after removal is less significant.

✓Well SupportedSugar from fruit is not bad for humans and should be welcomed into the diet in moderate amounts.

◐Partially SupportedThe birth control pill significantly reduces the incidence of ovarian cancer by preventing ovulation.

◐Partially SupportedEgg quality and quantity decline profoundly around age 37.

◐Partially SupportedAfter ovulation, the corpus luteum produces progesterone, which opens and closes the implantation window for pregnancy.

◐Partially SupportedHaving more eggs at a younger age improves the return on investment for fertility preservation processes like egg freezing.

◐Partially SupportedEgg retrieval procedures are typically 20-minute procedures performed under IV sedation with propofol and fentanyl.

✓Well SupportedNatural progesterone is associated with a 'rest and digest' state, low energy, and preparation for sleep.

✕Not SupportedMetformin can decrease testosterone levels in men by improving insulin sensitivity and altering ovarian function.

◐Partially SupportedUntreated endometriosis can increase inflammation, leading to low ovarian reserve and earlier menopause.

◐Partially SupportedThe viability of frozen eggs is strong, with approximately 90% surviving thawing and about 75% being fertilized by sperm.

◐Partially SupportedInositol supplementation can decrease insulin resistance in PCOS.

◐Partially SupportedEstrogen raises dopamine activity, making more dopamine available.

◐Partially SupportedInvocell is a suitable option for young patients with good egg quality and conditions like severe PCOS or tubal disease.

◐Partially SupportedThe onset of body odor during puberty is associated with sexual hair development and activation of odor-producing glands.

◐Partially SupportedExposure to evening primrose oil, lavender oil, or tea tree oil in males can stimulate breast bud development but does not initiate puberty.

◐Partially SupportedFrozen embryo transfers in IVF lead to improved neonatal outcomes compared to fresh transfers.

◐Partially SupportedThe lower probability of natural pregnancy with age is primarily due to the increased rate of chromosomal abnormalities in eggs.

◐Partially SupportedSmoking, toxins, chronic inflammation, and untreated diabetes increase the risk of earlier menopause.

◐Partially SupportedThe average age of menarche in the US has decreased to below 12-16 years, potentially due to toxin exposure.

◐Partially SupportedProlonged use of birth control pills may potentially improve fertility in women with underlying endometriosis or infertility.

◐Partially SupportedProgesterone production by the corpus luteum is stimulated in pulses throughout the luteal phase to protect potential pregnancy.

◐Partially SupportedOB-GYNs may perform an AMH blood test during an annual check-up if a patient requests it.

◐Partially SupportedA sudden shift in menstrual cycle length to 24 days may indicate a drop in ovarian reserve.

◐Partially SupportedIrregular menstrual periods can indicate hormonal dysfunction and lower egg count in women, even during perimenopause.

◐Partially SupportedThe luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is typically fixed at about 14 days, while the follicular phase can vary.

◐Partially SupportedExogenous testosterone use suppresses LH and FSH, reducing testicular stimulation and sperm production.

◐Partially SupportedACOG guidelines state that AMH should not be screened because it does not predict fertility.

◐Partially SupportedThe corpus luteum has a 12-14 day lifespan, after which estrogen and progesterone drop, starting a new menstrual cycle.

◐Partially SupportedMinimal stimulation IVF is a viable option for some patients.

◐Partially SupportedChromosomal abnormalities in eggs (aneuploidy) can lead to miscarriages or the formation of a fetus with severe developmental abnormalities.

✓Well SupportedThe fertile window is a 5-day period ending on the day of ovulation, with the day before and the day of ovulation being the two most fertile days for conception.

✓Well SupportedEstrogen primes the ovulatory cycle by climbing toward ovulation, followed by a drop, and then progesterone dominates the luteal phase.

✓Well SupportedIntracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) involves injecting a single, visually selected sperm into the cytoplasm of an egg.

◐Partially SupportedSynthetic LH is not yet available, and purified urine from menopausal women is used as a source for LH.

◐Partially SupportedInflammation is toxic to eggs and sperm and creates an unfavorable environment for conception.

◐Partially SupportedProgesterone impacts the uterine lining to prepare it for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

✓Well SupportedAn egg can only be fertilized for 24 hours after ovulation.

✕Not SupportedIndividuals with Factor V Leiden should not take oral birth control pills due to liver metabolism altering clotting factors.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals undergoing egg retrieval should abstain from intercourse for approximately three weeks, starting from day five of stimulation, until their next period.

◐Partially SupportedACOG recommends against checking AMH levels unless women have infertility.

◐Partially SupportedFolic acid is important for preventing neural tube defects, cell division, and ovarian follicle and egg growth.

✕Not SupportedScreening for ovarian reserve (AMH levels) is not recommended by ACOG.

◐Partially SupportedThe source and quality of red meat may impact reproductive health.

✕Not SupportedProlonged exposure to synthetic testosterone can lead to a decrease in sperm production, and in 25% of individuals, sperm production may not recover.

◐Partially SupportedPuberty onset in females is marked by thelarche (breast development), which typically occurs about two years before menarche (first menstruation).

◐Partially SupportedEvening primrose oil can promote estrogenic pathways and be absorbed transdermally.

◐Partially SupportedA 40-year-old may require multiple cycles to obtain genetically normal embryos, with a potential for 0 to 1 normal embryo per cycle.

✓Well SupportedCycle day one, marking the start of menstruation, is the day bleeding begins, which involves shedding the endometrial lining.

◐Partially SupportedA daily dosage of 100 to 400 milligrams of CoQ10, taken with a meal containing fat, is commonly suggested for improving fertility in both men and women.

◐Partially SupportedCollected eggs are not depleted from a woman's 'vault' of potential fertility; they represent an opportunity for potential pregnancies.

◐Partially SupportedOvulation pain, known as Mittelschmerz, can be felt by some women as a crampy pain in the middle of their menstrual cycle.

✓Well SupportedEarly menopause is associated with lower life expectancy.

◐Partially SupportedIdentifying genetically normal embryos allows for more efficient use of ovarian reserve and a higher probability of pregnancy.

◐Partially SupportedAdvanced paternal age (sperm source ejaculation after age 50) is the strongest identified association with autism.

✓Well SupportedThe risk to offspring associated with paternal age increases linearly from age 25 to 50-60, after which it follows a logarithmic 'hockey stick' curve.

◐Partially SupportedA significant drop-off in embryo development after day three post-fertilization can occur due to male genome contribution issues.

◐Partially SupportedPCOS is associated with a higher risk of endometrial cancer due to constant estrogen stimulation and lack of progesterone.

✓Well SupportedPregnant individuals should limit fish consumption to three servings per week to avoid excessive mercury exposure.

✕Not SupportedVaping is detrimental to human health, particularly for egg quality, fertility, and endocrine health in both sexes.

◐Partially SupportedThe uterine environment differs significantly from the hormonal environment of natural conception, which may impact IVF babies.

✓Well SupportedA trigger shot (mimicking LH surge or using HCG) induces final meiosis in eggs for chromosome separation.

◐Partially SupportedScreening for inherited clotting disorders is not recommended for individuals on birth control pills without a personal or family history of DVT or PE.

✓Well SupportedEnvironmental factors can negatively affect hormonal health.

✕Not SupportedAlcohol consumption should be limited to one or two drinks per week at most for those trying to conceive and avoided entirely upon discovering pregnancy.

✕Not SupportedAlcohol consumption can negatively impact egg and sperm quality by causing inflammation.

◐Partially SupportedHeat exposure, such as from saunas or hot tubs, does not harm ovulation or ovaries in females because they are located internally within the body.

◐Partially SupportedLow estrogen levels during menopause increase the risk of dementia, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and mortality.

◐Partially SupportedA 'sperm enhancement protocol' for male patients with abnormal sperm parameters involves 1 gram of L-carnitine with 1 gram of vitamin C, taken alongside a multivitamin and CoQ10.

◐Partially SupportedL-carnitine, vitamin C, and vitamin E may be recommended for females with endometriosis due to high inflammation.

◐Partially SupportedSubcutaneous injections for egg retrieval in IVF are administered for about 12-14 days using a small needle, similar to insulin injections.

◐Partially SupportedDuring the egg growth process for IVF, individuals may experience pelvic pressure due to follicle growth, fluid retention, bloating, and increased water weight.

◐Partially SupportedThe sperm cycle is approximately 90 days, and eggs are susceptible to lifestyle influences in a similar 90-day window leading up to ovulation.

◐Partially SupportedIntracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) involves selecting a single sperm and injecting it into an egg, which differs from a 'sperm race' where nature selects the sperm.

◐Partially SupportedSperm are washed during fertility treatments to isolate them from seminal fluid.

◐Partially SupportedSperm quality varies, including dead, non-motile, and motile sperm.

◐Partially SupportedThere is a public question regarding whether IVF babies have a higher incidence of autism spectrum conditions or other developmental trajectories.

◐Partially SupportedCurrent ICSI practices do not show the small rise in birth defects observed in early IVF studies.

◐Partially SupportedThree-parent IVF uses DNA from intended parents and cytoplasm from a donor egg with healthier mitochondrial DNA to improve embryo viability.

◐Partially SupportedSome fertility clinics may not use anesthesia-based propofol for egg retrievals, potentially leading to patients experiencing extreme pain if fentanyl is also omitted or misused.

◐Partially SupportedEarly IVF practices involved fresh embryo transfers, often resulting in multiple births due to the inability to freeze embryos.

◐Partially SupportedMothers pass on their mitochondria to offspring, meaning any mitochondrial disease in the mother's mitochondria will be inherited by all offspring.

◐Partially SupportedFertilization has a higher error rate with advanced maternal age due to meiotic spindle degradation.

◐Partially SupportedAdvanced paternal age has a higher significance for autism risk than advanced maternal age, despite maternal age receiving more attention.

◐Partially SupportedPregnancy can be a deadly circumstance.

◐Partially SupportedThe process for harvesting eggs for freezing or IVF is identical.

◐Partially SupportedSperm can be collected at home and brought in for freezing.

✕Not SupportedBeing significantly underweight and calorie-restricting is detrimental to the reproductive system and can cause ovulation to cease.

✕Not SupportedConsuming two glasses of wine can equate to approximately six glasses of wine by volume, and this level of consumption up to the week before conception is not advisable.

✕Not SupportedThere is a potential concern for increased breast cancer risk in some individuals taking the birth control pill, particularly those predisposed.

✕Not SupportedProcessed meats are detrimental to fertility and offer no nutritional advantages.

✕Not SupportedRaw seafood consumption is not recommended during pregnancy due to the risk of infectious diseases that can cause severe developmental issues.

◐Partially SupportedHealthy behaviors, including nutrition and supplementation, are beneficial when trying to conceive, with changes made in the 90-day window before conception being impactful.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals undergoing egg freezing or IVF can consume seafood without restriction due to mercury concerns being related to fetal development, not the individual's pregnancy status.

◐Partially SupportedDirectives for healthy eating, including moderate consumption of grass-fed red meat, whole-fat dairy, grains, fruits, and vegetables, are rare in public health discussions.

◐Partially SupportedFull-fat dairy products are generally acceptable for fertility, whereas processed, skimmed dairy may decrease fertility.

✕Not SupportedAdded sugars and artificial sweeteners, including stevia, interfere with the body, cause inflammation, trigger stress reactions, and can lead to higher rates of miscarriage.

✕Not SupportedSmoking or vaping nicotine and consuming cannabis are likely detrimental to both egg and sperm quality, potentially affecting the health of a child.

✕Not SupportedNicotine itself can be detrimental to health, and vaping involves chemicals that are bad for overall health.

◐Partially SupportedWomen on oral contraception showed a tendency to select less masculine male faces.

◐Partially SupportedDiscovering low ovarian reserve may prompt egg freezing or earlier conception.

◐Partially SupportedHCG mimics LH and is used to trigger ovulation and stimulate spermatogenesis.

◐Partially SupportedLater family planning is associated with increased difficulty in getting pregnant, higher rates of chronic illness, autoimmune disease, and obesity.

◐Partially SupportedIn IVF, success rate is determined by the number of eggs retrieved and patient's age, not by the 'naturalness' of the stimulation protocol.

◐Partially SupportedSperm extraction may lessen fragmentation and improve outcomes in men with abnormal sperm DNA fragmentation compared to ejaculation.

◐Partially SupportedOvarian follicle count is regulated to maintain equilibrium, with more follicles released when crowded and fewer when the reserve is low.

◐Partially SupportedEmbryo banking in batch cycles allows for planning future children at later ages.

◐Partially SupportedTransferring genetically tested embryos increases the success rate and efficiency of IVF.

◐Partially SupportedHarvesting eggs for IVF or embryogenesis does not reduce the total number of eggs any more than allowing natural cycles to proceed.

◐Partially SupportedEggs are continuously culled from the ovarian reserve starting from early embryonic development.

◐Partially SupportedHormonal blockers can be used to treat precocious puberty in children to help them achieve greater adult height.

◐Partially SupportedA general recommendation of 1000 IU of Vitamin D daily is unlikely to be harmful and beneficial for most people, though some may require higher doses.

◐Partially SupportedA daily regimen for those trying to conceive may include a prenatal vitamin, 1000 IU of Vitamin D, one gram of Omega-3s, and CoQ10.

◐Partially SupportedPaying attention to stool habits is important for self-advocacy and early detection of potential health issues.

◐Partially SupportedSome herbs added to supplements can possess estrogenic, progestogenic, or androgenic properties that may impact reproduction and hormones.

◐Partially SupportedDay five or six embryos have a 99% survival rate after freeze-thaw, compared to eggs at ~90%.

◐Partially SupportedAMH levels are determined by a blood test, and an ultrasound can also be performed to assess ovarian follicles.

◐Partially SupportedMenopause is defined as the cessation of menses and is associated with health changes.

◐Partially SupportedHeat exposure does not affect hormone production or the ovulatory cycle in females.

◐Partially SupportedEpigenetic programming during fetal development, influenced by maternal exposures, can predispose women to low ovarian reserve, PCOS, and endometriosis.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals should verify that recommended supplements do not contain unlisted ingredients, such as herbs with hormonal properties.

◐Partially SupportedOmega-3 fatty acids are important for anti-inflammatory effects and fetal brain development and should be taken if a prenatal vitamin does not contain them.

◐Partially SupportedOmega-3 fatty acids have antioxidant properties and can be beneficial in highly inflammatory diseases like endometriosis.

◐Partially SupportedSupplements can help women create a milieu of health that may increase fertility.

◐Partially SupportedEgg harvesting involves injecting synthetic FSH, LH, growth hormone, and PRP.

◐Partially SupportedThe most important factor for supplement efficacy is consistent adherence, meaning the form of CoQ10 that is taken consistently is the better form.

◐Partially SupportedCoQ10, Al carnitine, vitamin C, and essential fatty acids, including at least one gram of EPA (which may require two grams of fish oil), are beneficial supplements for women's health and fertility.

✕Not SupportedInitiating hormone replacement therapy after a decade or more of hypoestrogenism may lead to adverse events.

◐Partially SupportedEstrogen replacement therapy aims to mimic natural estradiol levels using pills, vaginal inserts, or patches.

◐Partially SupportedIntervention during menopause, especially for women with early ovarian failure, can significantly improve quality and longevity of life by providing physiologic levels of estrogen.

◐Partially SupportedThe brain signals GnRH, leading to FSH release, which stimulates ovarian follicles to grow and produce estrogen, initiating breast development and secondary sex characteristics before ovulation begins.

◐Partially SupportedOvulation disorders exist on a spectrum, and hormonal imbalances can impact the placenta's ability to grow and develop correctly within the uterus.

◐Partially SupportedReproductive health begins prior to conception, depending on both parents but significantly on the mother, with fetal development being crucial.

◐Partially SupportedThe probability of getting pregnant naturally per month (fecundability) is the same for a woman of a given age, regardless of whether she has 5 or 20 eggs.

◐Partially SupportedEarly puberty in males does not necessarily truncate their growth spurt in the same way as in females, as the process is less directly estrogen-related.

◐Partially SupportedPre-implantation genetic testing (PGT) for aneuploidy can identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes and can also test for single-gene disorders.

◐Partially SupportedThe higher incidence of autism in IVF babies may be partly due to age-related factors and partly due to older technology, with technology improving over time.

◐Partially SupportedUtilizing donor mitochondria to overcome age-related changes in eggs has not yet been successful.

◐Partially SupportedThe final separation of chromosomes in an egg occurs with the LH surge or HCG trigger shot, resulting in half the chromosomes entering the egg.

◐Partially SupportedCurrent methods for selecting eggs and sperm in embryology, such as visual assessment of morphology and motility, have been used since the 1930s.

◐Partially SupportedThe copper IUD creates an inflammatory and toxic environment within the uterus that is detrimental to sperm and makes implantation difficult.

◐Partially SupportedApproximately 50% of fertilized embryos progress past day seven, even in the best scenarios.

◐Partially SupportedSperm DNA fragmentation testing can be informative and potentially a lower-cost option compared to undergoing repeated, failing IVF cycles.

◐Partially SupportedThree-parent IVF is offered in Eastern Europe and Mexico and has been used in England for mitochondrial dysfunction.

◐Partially SupportedThe copper IUD can cause heavier periods, but regular periods indicate ovulation is still occurring and suggest no hormonal issue.

◐Partially SupportedWhen on oral contraceptives, ovaries do not produce estradiol, which is important for uterine lining growth and genital structures.

◐Partially SupportedMitochondrial health is a significant factor in egg splitting and chromosome separation during meiosis.

◐Partially SupportedIn the US, 'three-parent IVF' is not legal and its primary purpose was to cure 100% fatal mitochondrial diseases.

◐Partially SupportedFor a 30-year-old with 20 frozen eggs, four genetically normal embryos result in an anticipated 60-70% chance of genetic normalcy per embryo.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals diagnosed with infertility have a statistically higher chance of birth defects and developmental disorders.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals trying to conceive should avoid substances detrimental to sperm and egg quality to optimize chances of conception and reduce risks of infertility, lower success rates in treatment, and higher miscarriage rates.

◐Partially SupportedPregnancy during menstruation is possible for individuals with irregular cycles or shorter cycle windows because sperm can survive for up to 5 days and potentially fertilize an egg released shortly after the period ends.

◐Partially SupportedUsing unscented products reduces lifetime exposure to certain chemicals during critical developmental periods, especially for children.

◐Partially SupportedConsuming essential fatty acids during pregnancy is correlated with positive outcomes in fetal brain development.

◐Partially SupportedConstant exposure to chemicals like those in tea tree oil shampoos, perfumes, or restaurant bathroom air fresheners is potentially more impactful than a one-time exposure.

◐Partially SupportedExposures during infancy are more significant for later health outcomes due to the critical developmental period.

◐Partially SupportedSperm quality, including DNA fragmentation and marijuana use, is a significant factor in egg freezing and fertilization success.

◐Partially SupportedThe estrogen and progesterone in oral contraceptives are not identical to those naturally produced by the ovaries.

◐Partially SupportedFemales taking estrogen via birth control pills do not have their ovarian estrogen production shut down, unlike males taking synthetic testosterone.

◐Partially SupportedSome progestins used in oral contraceptives can have androgenic properties.

◐Partially SupportedCombined oral contraceptives do not change the release of eggs from the ovarian reserve.

◐Partially SupportedPCOS is associated with a shift in body composition towards a male pattern, with increased abdominal fat distribution.

◐Partially SupportedExposure to scents and fragrances can act as endocrine disruptors, potentially accelerating the onset of puberty.

◐Partially SupportedCopper IUDs create a highly inflammatory and potentially toxic uterine environment that hinders implantation.

◐Partially SupportedEgg count in females decreases significantly from birth through puberty and continues to decline thereafter.

◐Partially SupportedWhole grains provide beneficial fiber and are generally good for fertility, unless an individual has Celiac disease or gluten intolerance.

◐Partially SupportedDecreasing inflammation through diet is consistently shown to improve fertility, ovulation, IVF success, and reduce miscarriage rates.

◐Partially SupportedHigh consumption of red meat is associated with lower embryo progression, fewer normal embryos, and reduced success rates in IVF.

◐Partially SupportedDaily food choices are the primary determinant of long-term health and hormonal function.

◐Partially SupportedDiets high in fruits and vegetables, providing fiber and antioxidants, are beneficial for decreasing inflammation.

◐Partially SupportedFull-fat dairy products like cheese, whole milk, and yogurt are acceptable and do not negatively impact health.

◐Partially SupportedTofu does not negatively impact male fertility and may improve it due to its antioxidant and iron content.

✕Not SupportedThe Depo-Provera shot's effect lasts up to 18 months and is not recommended for individuals planning to conceive within 1.5 to 2 years.

✕Not SupportedAMH does not impact fecundability or predict infertility.

✕Not SupportedDrugs of abuse like cocaine and amphetamines induce significant stress and are detrimental to bodily systems.

✕Not SupportedIt is not possible to get pregnant during one's period if the menstrual cycles are extremely regular.

◐Partially SupportedLow estrogen is associated with mental cloudiness, fatigue, headaches, hot flashes, low libido, vulvar-vaginal symptoms, and depressed mood.

◐Partially SupportedContinuous use of oral contraceptives can lead to vaginal and vulvar changes, increased sensitivity, decreased elasticity, discomfort during intercourse, and potentially more yeast infections.

✕Not SupportedThe birth control pill is associated with an increased risk of blood clots due to its processing in the liver and its effect on clotting factors.

◐Partially SupportedIn PCOS, the ovary may produce excess testosterone because it is not releasing eggs and thus not making estrogen.

◐Partially SupportedIn women, ovulation is impacted by stopping FSH, but this does not change the ongoing loss of eggs throughout life, whereas in men, spermatogenesis is a constant daily process.

◐Partially SupportedEgg freezing and IVF involve retrieving eggs, differing in whether they are frozen as eggs or fertilized to create embryos.

◐Partially SupportedBirth control pills prevent ovulation by suppressing FSH, causing the cohort of eggs released each month to die off without developing.

◐Partially SupportedLiving a lower-inflammatory life, getting adequate sleep, and avoiding toxins can help naturally prolong the age at which menopause occurs.

◐Partially SupportedThe birth control pill can mask the body's natural menstrual cycle signals, leading to a lack of understanding of one's own physiology.

◐Partially SupportedLow progesterone during the follicular phase is normal.

◐Partially SupportedLack of body fat and being overweight are correlated with decreased monthly pregnancy rates and increased miscarriage rates.

◐Partially SupportedIt is not recommended to commit to a sperm source for embryo creation unless intending to have a child with that source.

◐Partially SupportedRising estrogen levels during ovarian stimulation can cause pelvic pressure, fluid retention, and bloating.

◐Partially SupportedAt age 40, the chance of a positive pregnancy test is lower, and the chance of losing that pregnancy is significantly higher.

◐Partially SupportedA higher number of retrieved eggs correlates with more pronounced hormonal and physical shifts experienced by the patient.

◐Partially SupportedA normal menstrual cycle is less than 35 days and predictable within a couple of days.

◐Partially SupportedEstrogen increase is associated with more energy and feelings of vitality.

◐Partially SupportedThe birth control pill does not cause infertility and is commonly used in IVF cycles to synchronize egg development.

◐Partially SupportedHormone replacement therapy (HRT) is recommended for women going through menopause, especially when initiated early.

◐Partially SupportedHarvesting eggs for freezing or IVF does not harm future fertility or cause earlier menopause.

◐Partially SupportedSpotting before full menstrual flow can be normal as the body adjusts to a drop in progesterone.

◐Partially SupportedOptimizing reproductive hormones for normal function involves paying attention to lifestyle factors.

✕Not SupportedOral contraceptives can exacerbate the Factor V Leiden mutation, increasing the risk of blood clots.

✕Not SupportedHeat exposure during pregnancy, such as from hot tubs or high fevers, can negatively impact fetal development.

◐Partially SupportedFertility discussions should include behaviors, nutrition, and supplementation, not just hormones.

◐Partially SupportedMyo-inositol dosages up to 200,000 milligrams have been observed, and timing of intake does not matter.

◐Partially SupportedWhile keto diets might aid weight loss, which can improve fertility by reducing inflammation, eliminating grains entirely may not be optimal.

◐Partially SupportedHormonal medications like birth control pills are used to suppress FSH production and prepare follicles for stimulation.

◐Partially SupportedFSH and LH are administered over approximately 12 days to stimulate follicle growth and egg maturation.

◐Partially SupportedAntral follicles appear as small, dark, fluid-filled spaces on ultrasound, with size variations indicating maturity.

◐Partially SupportedFor patients with a low egg count undergoing IVF or egg freezing, multiple cycles may be tolerated better.

◐Partially SupportedICSI is recommended for most patients due to its higher probability of success in IVF cycles.

◐Partially SupportedThe average age of menarche has shifted to 10-11 years in the United States and Northern Europe.

◐Partially SupportedProgesterone-based IUDs primarily work by thinning the uterine lining and do not always prevent ovulation.

◐Partially SupportedEvaluating the reasons for low ovarian reserve can reveal underlying genetic mutations or autoimmune diseases that may have long-term health implications.

◐Partially SupportedMore health information generally leads to better choices, but can increase anxiety in hypochondriac individuals.

◐Partially SupportedIn the early follicular phase, all antral follicles should be small; by the ovulatory phase, a dominant follicle will be visible alongside smaller ones.

◐Partially SupportedGenetic analysis for Factor V Leiden mutation is inexpensive and can be requested on a standard blood test.

◐Partially SupportedEgg maturity during fertility treatments is monitored via blood levels of estradiol and transvaginal ultrasound.

✕Not SupportedCombination of oral contraceptives and cigarette smoking increases stroke risk.

◐Partially SupportedIncreased abdominal fat in PCOS exacerbates insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

✕Not SupportedAMH screening is useful for individuals making actionable choices regarding partnership, family building, and timing of conception.

✕Not SupportedMinimal stimulation protocols in IVF generally lead to lower odds of successful pregnancy compared to full stimulation protocols.

✕Not SupportedFinding out about low ovarian reserve at a young age is actionable stress that can inform life choices.

✕Not SupportedSmoking cigarettes decreases egg quantity, increases the risk of earlier menopause, and raises the chance of abnormal chromosomes.

◐Partially SupportedFish are a good source of omega-3 fatty acids crucial for reproduction.

◐Partially SupportedA normal menstrual cycle duration is not always 28 days.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals with a family history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism should be screened for clotting disorders.

◐Partially SupportedIntracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may pose risks to neural development by bypassing natural selection.

◐Partially SupportedObesity can negatively impact fertility through inflammatory changes affecting embryo implantation.

◐Partially SupportedThere is a lack of definitive population-based studies showing an acceleration of menopause onset, but clinical observation suggests an increase in earlier menopause.

◐Partially SupportedAdvocating for one's own health and asking questions is never wrong.

◐Partially SupportedMaking embryos compete within the same uterine environment is statistically and biologically disadvantageous for implantation.

◐Partially SupportedIVF procedures have a significantly higher incidence of monozygotic twins compared to natural conception.

◐Partially SupportedThere is a financial incentive in the fertility field to perform multiple low-stimulation IVF cycles, which may not be in the best interest of patients.

◐Partially SupportedTransferring a single euploid embryo at a time is recommended to maximize the chance of live birth and avoid risks of multiple pregnancies.

◐Partially SupportedEarly puberty can lead to a reduction in final adult height because high estrogen levels close growth plates approximately two years after ovulation begins.

◐Partially SupportedLow ovarian reserve has an actionable 'cure' in the form of egg harvesting and potential fertilization.

◐Partially SupportedThe Invocell device allows for incubation of eggs and sperm within the vagina for five days, enabling embryo transfer without high hormonal levels from extensive stimulation.

◐Partially SupportedImplanting multiple embryos in IVF increases the risk of higher-order multiple pregnancies.

◐Partially SupportedAfter egg retrieval, patients typically experience cramping and a period about 10 days later, with the worst discomfort post-retrieval.

◐Partially SupportedEducation and data empower individuals to make informed choices about their fertility.

◐Partially SupportedFreezing gametes is advisable due to unpredictable future life circumstances.

◐Partially SupportedDuring egg freezing, cumulus cells are stripped off, and ICSI is used for fertilization.

◐Partially SupportedThe cost of an AMH level analysis to determine ovarian reserve is approximately $79.

◐Partially SupportedOvarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is less common with modern protocols but was more frequent with fresh embryo transfers.

◐Partially SupportedPatients must abstain from intercourse for approximately three weeks after egg retrieval to prevent infection and OHSS.

◐Partially SupportedIrregularly regular menstrual cycles can indicate hormonal communication issues between the brain and ovaries.

◐Partially SupportedBreast milk exposure for the first 6 months helps with immune system development, which may reduce the risk of autoimmune disease and fertility issues later.

◐Partially SupportedEndocrine disruptors in scents and fragrances are a known factor that can accelerate puberty onset.

◐Partially SupportedOral contraceptives can improve mental health by stabilizing hormone levels in severe PMS or PMDD.

◐Partially SupportedEgg freezing survival rates have improved to approximately 90% over the past 10 years.

◐Partially SupportedSome fertility clinics allow IVF and egg freezing procedures up to age 45 with informed consent.

◐Partially SupportedDuring menstruation, new eggs are released and become susceptible to FSH, stimulating follicle growth and estrogen production.

◐Partially SupportedA consistent menstrual cycle length is normal for an individual, provided it remains relatively constant.

◐Partially SupportedOral contraceptives can manage heavy periods and anemia by reducing uterine lining growth.

◐Partially SupportedThe development of the placenta requires a specific hormonal environment to prevent rejection by the uterus.

◐Partially SupportedA healthy medium in body fat is crucial for reproductive health.

◐Partially SupportedThe medications used in IVF manipulate the body's normal hormonal processes to stimulate egg growth.

◐Partially SupportedIVF stimulates the growth of eggs that have been released from the ovarian vault that month, rather than causing hyper-ovulation.

◐Partially SupportedMaking embryos is more expensive than freezing eggs, and freezing multiple eggs may be more efficient than immediately creating embryos.

◐Partially SupportedEstrogen stimulates the proliferation of the uterine lining and contributes to feelings of well-being.

◐Partially SupportedHormone therapy uses the lowest effective dose to relieve symptoms and improve healthspan and quality of life.