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Healthy Eating & Eating Disorders - Anorexia, Bulimia, Binging — Whalespan

Content›Video›Healthy Eating & Eating Diso…

Healthy Eating & Eating Disorders - Anorexia, Bulimia, Binging

Andrew Huberman2h 16m · 2021-09-06

Support Rate

76%

169 of 222 claims supported

Support rate

169 of 222 claims supported

169 supported53 partial / not

Claims from this content

175

✓Well SupportedAndrew Huberman drinks Athletic Greens twice a day, typically once in the morning and again in the afternoon or late afternoon, mixed with water and lemon or lime juice.✓Well SupportedProbiotics in Athletic Greens are vital for microbiotic health, which communicates with the brain and immune system to impact immediate and long-term health.✓Well SupportedAdequate intake of sodium, magnesium, and potassium is vital for cell function, especially nerve cells.✓Well SupportedAndrew Huberman takes Athletic Greens twice a day.✓Well SupportedTotal daily protein intake is the most important factor for muscle protein synthesis, followed by even spacing of protein intake, and then protein quality.

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A. Volkovreader

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Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

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✓Well SupportedAnorexia nervosa is the most deadly psychiatric condition.

✓Well SupportedPro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus release alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which reduces appetite.

✓Well SupportedAgRP neurons shut off within seconds upon presentation of food, even before the first bite.

✓Well SupportedMeat from regenerative farms is higher in nutrients and healthy fats, including omega-3s.

◐Partially SupportedThere is no single diet that fits all individuals; while some principles and foods work for certain people, no one diet is universally effective.

✓Well SupportedAndrew Huberman partners with Thorne supplements due to their high standards for ingredient quality and precise amounts.

✓Well SupportedVitamin D3 K2 is important for metabolic health, endocrine health, and heart health, with K2 regulating calcium in bones.

✓Well SupportedIngesting protein before 10:00 AM favors muscle hypertrophy due to clock-regulated protein synthesis mechanisms.

✓Well SupportedHeadspace is a meditation app that is backed by scientific peer-reviewed studies.

✓Well SupportedAndrew Huberman has been meditating five to seven times per week for the past few years.

✓Well SupportedAnorexics often have a distorted self-image perceiving themselves as overweight or imperfect in ways that are obsessive and not reflective of reality.

✓Well SupportedThe brain areas associated with habit formation and execution are a key point of intervention for anorexia.

✓Well SupportedNeurons in the gut sense the presence of fatty acids, amino acids, and sugars.

✓Well SupportedPressure receptors in the gut signal to the brain to regulate food consumption.

✓Well SupportedHumans are wired to eat as often, as much, and as fast as possible because food was historically scarce and dangerous to obtain.

✓Well SupportedMaintaining a correct omega-3 to omega-6 ratio is beneficial for mood, gut microbiome health, and appetite regulation.

✓Well SupportedMeditation has transitioned from being viewed as fringe to being a subject of tens of thousands of quality studies exploring its mental and health benefits.

✓Well SupportedIntermittent fasting can serve as a behavioral tool to limit calorie intake without requiring strict calorie counting.

✓Well SupportedRestricting one's feeding window to 4-12 hours within a 24-hour cycle has shown benefits in mice and some human studies.

✓Well SupportedIncreasing sodium, potassium, and magnesium intake helps mitigate negative side effects of fasting.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals with anorexia nervosa can change their habits once taught about underlying cognitive mechanisms.

◐Partially SupportedWeak central coherence is a cognitive feature contributing to anorexic habits.

◐Partially SupportedCognitive behavioral therapies and pharmacological therapies are used to treat anorexia nervosa.

◐Partially SupportedLow body fat stores lead to reduced leptin signaling, shutting off hormones that stimulate ovulation and sperm production, causing anorexic individuals to stop menstruating.

◐Partially SupportedNon-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), characterized by fidgeting and bouncing, can burn 800-2000 calories per day.

✓Well SupportedLeucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis by activating anabolic pathways.

◐Partially SupportedHigh-quality protein sources containing all essential amino acids are important for health.

◐Partially SupportedThe arcuate nucleus regulates hunger and satiety by processing signals from food appearance, smell, prior food interactions, and social context.

◐Partially SupportedSkipping lunch results in a four to seven hour fast, distinct from the sleep fast.

◐Partially SupportedThe optimal duration of a feeding window within intermittent fasting varies individually and depends on lifestyle factors.

◐Partially SupportedNeuronal and hormonal pathways signal blood glucose levels to the brain to indicate satiety.

◐Partially SupportedPasture-raised meat is higher in nutrients and healthy fats than conventionally raised meat.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexia and bulimia disrupt homeostatic and reward processes, leading to disrupted decision-making regarding food intake.

◐Partially SupportedPlant-based proteins can provide sufficient essential amino acids if total protein intake is high enough, and accompanying carbohydrates are important for metabolic control.

◐Partially SupportedMuscle cells are primed to incorporate amino acids and synthesize muscle in the morning due to circadian regulation.

◐Partially SupportedConsuming quality protein and amino acids early in the day can help maintain or enhance muscle tissue volume.

◐Partially SupportedThere is no definitive information on what constitutes healthy or optimal feeding windows.

◐Partially SupportedApproaching a meal in an anxious state is generally not advisable, and it is often difficult to avoid this due to circumstances like rushing.

◐Partially SupportedHigh-quality supplements can be beneficial for many people, even though they are not strictly required.

◐Partially SupportedIn individuals with anorexia, homeostatic processes and signals from the body and brain that indicate a need for food are not registering normally.

◐Partially SupportedEffective treatment for anorexia involves addressing and rebuilding habits.

◐Partially SupportedLeptin signaling is disrupted in individuals with bulimia, obesity, and certain forms of binge eating disorder.

◐Partially SupportedThe neural circuitry of appetite suppression can inhibit the impulse to chew and ingest food.

◐Partially SupportedSymptoms of anorexia nervosa include loss of muscle mass, low heart rate, low blood pressure, fainting, lanugo, loss of bone density, disrupted gut and immune functions, and loss of menstruation in females.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals with anorexia often obsess over food, caloric content, and macronutrient ratios, actively avoiding high-fat and calorie-rich foods.

◐Partially SupportedIbogaine has gained less traction for testing in the US compared to other substances like MDMA due to funding and regulatory hurdles.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals with metabolic disorders can remain hungry despite having plenty of stored body fat due to disrupted blood glucose metabolism and leptin signaling.

◐Partially SupportedIncreasing serotonin via drug regimens can paradoxically lead to reduced hunger and a decreased desire to seek out serotonin-raising activities.

◐Partially SupportedPsilocybin and MDMA may be used to rewire the brain, potentially increasing oxytocin and serotonin levels.

◐Partially SupportedADHD medications may help individuals by making neuromodulators like dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine more accessible, allowing them to direct focus.

◐Partially SupportedBrain circuits reward eating often, eating fast, and consuming large amounts of food due to evolutionary pressures related to food scarcity.

◐Partially SupportedThe calories in versus calories burned formula is a foundational principle for nutrition, eating, and weight management.

✓Well SupportedDecision making is metabolically expensive and can lead to rationalizations.

◐Partially SupportedMuscle cells have circadian clock mechanisms, including a BMAL gene, that regulate gene expression and influence protein synthesis.

◐Partially SupportedAndrew Huberman's diet includes meat, fish, eggs, parmesan cheese, coffee, oranges, cucumbers, lettuce, and pasta.

◐Partially SupportedSerotonin increases activity in neural circuits, including the hypothalamus, and triggers satiety.

◐Partially SupportedLow-level movements, such as fidgeting, can trigger epinephrine release from sympathetic neurons innervating fat, increasing fat mobilization and oxidation.

◐Partially SupportedFor individuals with anorexia, weight-bearing activities or resistance training that promote an anabolic state are beneficial, as opposed to activities that promote a catabolic state.

◐Partially SupportedFamily-based models, where the entire family is educated about an individual's eating disorder, can support individuals with anorexia nervosa by reducing condemnation and fostering support.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexia nervosa occurs at approximately 10 times the rate in women and young girls compared to men and young boys.

◐Partially SupportedStimulant medications like Adderall and Vyvanse can be used to treat bulimia and binge eating disorder.

◐Partially SupportedBody fat receives input from neurons releasing noradrenaline and adrenaline, which influences calorie burning.

✓Well SupportedLeptin, secreted from adipose tissue, signals to regulate appetite.

◐Partially SupportedThe arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus regulates hunger and satiety and is activated by sensory cues and prior food experiences.

◐Partially SupportedThe prefrontal cortex suppresses impulses and evaluates context and predicts outcomes.

◐Partially SupportedKnowledge of knowledge, which leads to neuroplasticity, can enable individuals to improve their behavior over time, eventually making better actions reflexive.

◐Partially SupportedThe prevalence of anorexia nervosa has remained consistent over centuries, suggesting a strong biological contribution.

◐Partially SupportedThe portrayal of male body shapes in media has shifted towards greater muscularity since the 1980s.

◐Partially SupportedThe thyroid hormone hypothesis for binge eating disorder suggests that thyroid hormone concentrations vary with the binge-purge cycle.

◐Partially SupportedHyperphagia in binge eating disorder is likely driven by AgRP neurons.

◐Partially SupportedThe circadian clock influences protein synthesis in all cells, including muscle cells.

◐Partially SupportedDNA within muscle cells is under strong circadian regulation.

◐Partially SupportedPOMC neurons in the hypothalamus act as a brake on appetite, mediated by melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and are ramped up by sunlight exposure.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexia nervosa's failure to maintain weight may be hardwired into the biology of affected individuals.

◐Partially SupportedSome neurons in the arcuate nucleus can increase awareness and anxiety, constrict the field of view, and drive a primitive reflex to ingest food rapidly.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals with anorexia nervosa often develop a habit of actively avoiding high-fat and calorie-rich foods.

◐Partially SupportedTargeted deep brain stimulation is an effective treatment for binge-eating disorder.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexic individuals often exhibit unhealthy blood lipid profiles, elevated vasopressin levels, low blood pressure, down-regulated thyroid levels, and reduced heart rates.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexia may stem from a failure of AgRP neurons to stimulate appetite, excessive anxiety around food, or learned behaviors related to food restriction and praise.

◐Partially SupportedThere is no single protocol that defines healthy eating for everyone, but there is general agreement on what constitutes unhealthy and disordered eating.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexia nervosa is characterized by a failure to eat enough to maintain a healthy weight.

◐Partially SupportedThe liver overproduces cholesterol in anorexic individuals to compensate for sex hormone synthesis.

◐Partially SupportedNeuromodulators like dopamine, acetylcholine, epinephrine, and serotonin alter brain area activity, making certain neural connections more likely to be active.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexia tends to emerge in susceptible individuals during puberty, driven by sex steroid hormone changes.

◐Partially SupportedClassic anorexia nervosa diagnosis requires endocrine disruptions like menstrual abnormalities, lack of sperm production, or low testosterone.

◐Partially SupportedGlucagon and GLP1 levels increase when one hasn't eaten for a long time, driving the urge to seek and consume food.

◐Partially SupportedIncreased impulsivity can result from a lack of prefrontal control in individuals with frontotemporal dementia, aging, head injuries, or frontal lobe damage.

◐Partially SupportedLack of prefrontal control is characterized by an inability to suppress impulsive behaviors.

◐Partially SupportedIn bulimia nervosa, circuits involved in impulse control, particularly those related to the prefrontal cortex, are underactive.

✕Not SupportedSome individuals using MDMA or psilocybin outside of clinical trials have experienced adverse effects such as chronic visual snow, new-onset tics, and chronic insomnia.

✕Not SupportedMDMA and psilocybin are not legal and should not be explored without a trained medical doctor.

✕Not SupportedThe common advice that it takes about 20 minutes for satiety to set in is not true.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals with anorexia nervosa who consume very little food often exhibit paradoxically high levels of LDL cholesterol, challenging the dietary cholesterol hypothesis.

?Limited ResearchMDMA and psilocybin can increase neuroplasticity, but their efficacy for eating disorders, depression, and trauma requires further data from ongoing clinical trials.

◐Partially SupportedDifficulty disengaging from a focus of interest that drives reward is a cognitive feature contributing to anorexic habits.

◐Partially SupportedCognitive behavioral therapies combined with habit rewiring approaches are frequently used with pharmacologic therapies for eating disorders.

◐Partially SupportedSelf-diagnosis of eating disorders should be made by qualified healthcare professionals.

◐Partially SupportedDirectly telling someone with anorexia that they are thin and need to eat is ineffective because they do not perceive themselves as others do.

◐Partially SupportedNewer anorexia nervosa classifications can diagnose the disorder even in individuals who still menstruate or maintain sperm production.

◐Partially SupportedDeep brain stimulation targeting the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens shows promise for binge-eating disorder.

◐Partially SupportedThe number of people who die from eating disorders is comparable to the number of people who die from automobile accidents.

◐Partially SupportedInjecting synthesized leptin into anorexics has not been shown to alleviate anorexia or restart eating.

◐Partially SupportedMedications that increase serotonin, such as fluoxetine (Prozac) and Paxil, can be effective in treating bulimia nervosa.

✕Not SupportedIndividuals undergoing self-appointed 'guide' treatments with certain compounds have reported chronic visual snow, visual field deficits, new-onset tics, and chronic insomnia.

✕Not SupportedStereotypes about the motivations and backgrounds of individuals with anorexia and bulimia do not consistently hold up when examining the data.

✕Not SupportedVomiting and laxative abuse in the binge-purge cycle can severely disrupt the digestive tract's mucosal lining, gut microbiome, and potentially cause esophageal ulceration.

✕Not SupportedIngesting non-food items like dirt, rocks, or metal is dangerous and can cause poisoning, blockages, and death.

◐Partially SupportedConsuming butter in small quantities is comfortable for Andrew Huberman and his blood lipid profiles appear good.

◐Partially SupportedImproving interoception can help individuals with anorexia associate food cues with bodily sensations.

◐Partially SupportedMindful breathing and meditation can be beneficial for managing eating-related anxiety.

◐Partially SupportedFor the treatment of eating disorders, adjusting feeding behavior to ameliorate symptoms is a primary goal.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexia nervosa can involve elements of obsessive-compulsive disorder, characterized by hyper-focus on specific details and difficulty shifting focus from rewarding stimuli.

◐Partially SupportedBulimia nervosa can involve overconsumption of alcohol during binges and sexual promiscuity, indicating issues with satiety and impulse control.

◐Partially SupportedProtein synthesis can be high later in the day if training hard late or adjusting hormone status.

◐Partially SupportedThe relapse rate for anorexia is high, around 50%, often triggered by stressful life circumstances.

◐Partially SupportedObesity causes disruptions in brain-body communication, including impaired leptin signaling leading to a continuous signal to eat.

◐Partially SupportedExcess body fat can lead to metabolic issues such as insulin resistance, type two diabetes, bodily sores, and peripheral neuropathies.

◐Partially SupportedBupropion can be effective for binge-eating disorder, smoking cessation, and depression.

◐Partially SupportedHomeostatic systems are disrupted in individuals with anorexia.

◐Partially SupportedIntervention for anorexia should target the habit circuits in the brain.

◐Partially SupportedHabits and reflexes do not rely on the prefrontal cortex and are subconscious.

◐Partially SupportedSerotonin increases activity in neural circuits, leading to feelings of satiety and quieting motivated behaviors.

◐Partially SupportedExcessive eating after restriction may qualify as binge eating disorder if it occurs at least once a month for two to three months.

◐Partially SupportedSome individuals report benefits from ibogaine treatment for eating disorders, while others develop chronic seizure disorders from it.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals with bulimia or binge eating disorder ingest 10 to 30 times their daily caloric intake within a two-hour period, overriding satiety signals.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals with anorexia nervosa exhibit hyper-impulsivity and may engage in other impulsive behaviors such as excessive alcohol consumption leading to overeating.

◐Partially SupportedShifting individuals with anorexia from catabolic exercise to resistance training and nourishing food intake can help build a strong body and bones.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexia leads to very low body fat, suppressed sperm production and testosterone, and reduced bone density.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexia nervosa leads to risks of death, severe metabolic disorders, and lack of bone density.

◐Partially SupportedNeurocircuitry drives the inability to control eating in bulimia and binge eating disorder, overriding leptin and insulin signals.

◐Partially SupportedSerotonergic drugs may benefit some individuals with anorexia nervosa by increasing satiety circuits.

◐Partially SupportedSSRIs like Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil have been used to treat anorexia nervosa by lowering anxiety around food.

◐Partially SupportedResistance training in mice can induce hypertrophy by applying overload to one limb, analogous to weight training in humans.

◐Partially SupportedEating disorders like bulimia can be viewed as a manifestation of rapid food ingestion without top-down behavioral control.

◐Partially SupportedHabits are stereotyped behaviors that allow for efficient execution of daily routines.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexics exhibit hyper-awareness of the fat content of foods.

◐Partially SupportedReward-based decision-making is controlled by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexia nervosa is the most dangerous psychiatric disorder due to its high mortality rate if untreated.

◐Partially SupportedThe hypothalamus contains neurons that stimulate eating and neurons that inhibit eating.

◐Partially SupportedThere are clear biological underpinnings driving under-eating and overeating in anorexia and bulimia.

◐Partially SupportedInsufficient nourishment during puberty can lead to hypogonadism, amenorrhea, reduced insulin secretion, and unusually high cholesterol levels.

◐Partially SupportedResistance training is anabolic and promotes muscle growth, while some other exercises are catabolic.

◐Partially SupportedLoss of skeletal muscle is a major cause of injury and cognitive and metabolic deficits as we age.

◐Partially SupportedDuration, path, and outcome (DPO) processes are conscious, reward-based mechanisms used for goal-related behaviors, relying on the prefrontal cortex.

◐Partially SupportedBulimia involves overeating followed by purging through self-induced vomiting or laxative use, sometimes combined with stimulants and fat burners to increase energy expenditure.

◐Partially SupportedPica can sometimes be caused by malnutrition.

◐Partially SupportedDefining healthy eating relies on measurable parameters such as liver enzymes, blood lipid profiles, body weight, and athletic/mental performance, as well as subjective states like mood and relaxation.

◐Partially SupportedA study published in Journal Cell Reports explored the impact of meal timing on muscle hypertrophy and protein synthesis in mice and women.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexic individuals may have decision-making capabilities regarding food evaluation that are as good as or better than average, but their habits are disrupted, leading to dangerous food choices of which they are not consciously aware.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexia nervosa involves a disruption in decision-making and habits, leading to dangerous food choices.

◐Partially SupportedThe liver generates cholesterol and can overproduce it to compensate for insufficient dietary cholesterol needed for sex steroid synthesis.

◐Partially SupportedThere is no current evidence indicating that skipping meals in the morning versus the evening is superior for weight loss or overall health parameters.

◐Partially SupportedThe effectiveness of intermittent fasting for weight management is primarily determined by the balance between calories ingested and calories burned.

◐Partially SupportedDelta oscillations in the nucleus accumbens are associated with food reward perception.

◐Partially SupportedResearch has identified unique perceptual characteristics in anorexics related to food that can be targets for intervention.

◐Partially SupportedThere is a strong genetic component that can predispose individuals to anorexia.

◐Partially SupportedInterventions for eating disorders can target thinking patterns, behavior, homeostatic processes, or reward systems.

◐Partially SupportedDeveloping a healthy relationship with food involves enjoying it socially and individually without being neurotic or compulsive.

◐Partially SupportedAnorexia nervosa occurs in cultures and societies where food is scarce.

◐Partially SupportedIn anorexia, undernourishment and low body fat stores signal to the brain that the body is undernourished, leading to the shutdown of ovulation and loss of menstrual cycles.

◐Partially SupportedBulimia nervosa is characterized by a lack of inhibitory control and hyperimpulsivity.

◐Partially SupportedBulimia nervosa involves overeating followed by purging, often with stimulants and fat burners to increase energy expenditure.

◐Partially SupportedBulimia and binge-eating disorder are closely associated with impulsivity and other impulsive behaviors.

◐Partially SupportedDrugs such as bupropion, Welbutrin, serotonergic drugs, and drugs for impulsivity can help treat bulimia.

◐Partially SupportedClinically diagnosable eating disorders carry serious health hazards and a significant risk of death.

◐Partially SupportedHigh-quality meat, from animals raised and treated humanely, is important for ingestion.

◐Partially SupportedBehavioral interventions combined with drug-based interventions are more effective for bulimia than either approach alone.

◐Partially SupportedIn anorexia nervosa, restricting food intake is associated with feelings of reward and accomplishment.

◐Partially SupportedBinge eating disorder and bulimia involve disruptions in homeostatic and reward circuitry, causing food to be hyper-attractive and lacking an impulse break.

◐Partially SupportedBinge eating disorder shares features with bulimia but typically does not involve purging.