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Psychedelics & Neurostimulation for Brain Rewiring | Dr. Nolan Williams — Whalespan

Content›Video›Psychedelics & Neurostimulat…

Psychedelics & Neurostimulation for Brain Rewiring | Dr. Nolan Williams

Andrew Huberman2h 49m · 2022-10-10

Support Rate

67%

187 of 278 claims supported

Support rate

187 of 278 claims supported

187 supported91 partial / not

Claims from this content

197

✓Well SupportedAG1 is a vitamin, mineral, probiotic drink with adaptogens designed to meet foundational nutritional needs and provide insurance for adequate fruit and vegetable intake.✓Well SupportedInside Tracker's platform provides actionable protocols to adjust blood markers into ideal ranges for health.✓Well SupportedRegular blood work is essential for monitoring factors impacting immediate and long-term health.✓Well SupportedInside Tracker's platform helps users understand blood test data and provides protocols to adjust numbers into ideal ranges.✓Well SupportedProbiotics in Athletic Greens are vital for microbiotic health, which communicates with the brain and immune system to impact immediate and long-term health.

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A. Volkovreader

4h

Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

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Would love a "what would change this verdict" RSS feed. Sign me up if it exists.

✓Well SupportedQuality sleep, regulated by core body temperature changes, is foundational for mental health, physical health, and performance.

✓Well SupportedSmart mattress covers can be programmed to maintain a specific sleep temperature, which aids in falling asleep, achieving deep sleep, and REM sleep.

✓Well SupportedAg One (formerly Athletic Greens) is a vitamin, mineral, and probiotic drink that provides foundational nutritional needs.

✓Well SupportedBrain and body temperature must drop by approximately 1 degree Celsius to fall asleep and stay asleep.

✓Well SupportedMomentous supplements are offered as a single source for supplements discussed on the Huberman Lab Podcast.

✓Well SupportedSupplements can be beneficial for easing sleep transition, improving sleep depth, and enhancing focus.

✓Well SupportedEight Sleep smart mattress covers provide heating, cooling, and sleep tracking, which are crucial for mental health, physical health, and performance.

✕Not SupportedNot drinking alcohol is better for health than drinking alcohol.

✕Not SupportedDrinking a barrel of red wine per day would be required to obtain the same amount of resveratrol as administered to mice in studies, which is not recommended.

✓Well SupportedKetamine provides rapid relief for depression, often on the same day of initiation.

✓Well SupportedTwo to three sessions of MDMA combined with talk therapy can significantly reduce PTSD symptoms.

◐Partially SupportedResearch is exploring modifications to psychedelics to retain therapeutic effects while removing hallucinogenic properties.

✓Well SupportedEarly waking and an inability to fall back asleep despite exhaustion are common symptoms of major depression, indicating disrupted sleep architecture.

✓Well SupportedMDMA is likely not neurotoxic to serotonergic neurons at appropriate doses and with proper sourcing.

✕Not SupportedThe serotonin hypothesis of depression is not supported by evidence.

◐Partially SupportedIbogaine is a potent psychedelic with significant cardiac risks that can be mitigated by screening with electrocardiograms.

✓Well SupportedPsilocybin shows therapeutic potential for depression, MDMA for PTSD, and psychedelics for substance abuse.

✓Well SupportedPsilocybin binds to serotonin 2A receptors and affects activity in the default mode network.

✓Well SupportedMaintaining a consistent sleep schedule, with bedtime and wake-up time varying by no more than plus or minus 30 minutes, is critical for health.

✓Well SupportedThe heart appears to be the end organ of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

✕Not SupportedYoung males with a predisposition to psychosis should avoid high-concentration THC cannabis.

✓Well SupportedDepression is considered the single leading cause of loss of quality of life for humans globally.

✓Well SupportedStimulating the vagus nerve can alleviate depression by affecting pathways that project to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

◐Partially SupportedFew cannabis strains in the US contain more than 1% CBD, and CBD-rich strains in Canada require explicit breeding and purchasing.

✓Well SupportedExcitation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms.

✓Well SupportedBlue light exposure from screens in the evening can contribute to insomnia by tricking the brain into thinking it is still light outside.

✓Well SupportedPsilocybin and MDMA have the potential to improve a person's traits long after the drug's effects have worn off.

◐Partially SupportedPsilocybin and TMS therapy induce similar connectivity changes associated with antidepressant effects.

◐Partially SupportedLetting go and riding autonomic arousal during psilocybin sessions is powerful for trauma and depression treatment.

◐Partially SupportedIbogaine is not recreational and is described as a difficult but relieving experience involving re-examination of issues.

✓Well SupportedCBD has antiepileptic and antipsychotic properties and shows efficacy in high doses for schizophrenia.

◐Partially SupportedStudies on Latter-day Saints show no apparent neurotoxicity from up to 100+ doses of MDMA.

✓Well SupportedNavy Seals have reported that a single ibogaine treatment in Mexico cured them of PTSD, depression, addiction, and traumatic brain injury.

✓Well SupportedRegular deep sleep, achieved 80% or more of the nights, is crucial for cognitive and mental functioning and long-term goal achievement.

✓Well SupportedAcute sleep deprivation for a single night can induce a temporary antidepressant effect, which is lost upon falling asleep.

◐Partially SupportedLesions in the anterior cingulate cortex can lead to akinetic mutism, a loss of the will to do anything.

◐Partially SupportedThe Huberman Lab podcast has partnered with Momentous Supplements to provide access to discussed supplements.

◐Partially SupportedThe dorsal part of the anterior cingulate cortex is associated with cognitive tasks, while ventral and subgenual areas are activated by emotional valence in conflict tasks.

◐Partially SupportedThe left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) consistently regulates mood, while the right DLPFC's role is more variable.

◐Partially SupportedThe mechanism by which SSRIs work is not fully understood, despite their clear efficacy in a subpopulation for depression, OCD, and anxiety disorders.

◐Partially SupportedSome individuals require repeated ketamine infusions every 10 days or a series over weeks, while others experience longer-lasting effects.

◐Partially SupportedInhibitory stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can increase trait hypnotizability.

◐Partially SupportedSome individuals consume alcohol believing it is heart-healthy based on advice from medical professionals.

◐Partially SupportedThe antidepressant effects of ketamine may not be due to its dissociative properties.

◐Partially SupportedAn intensive 5-day TMS schedule, with sessions every hour, is manageable for patients in inpatient psychiatric units and has not resulted in dropouts.

◐Partially SupportedThe resolution of PTSD symptoms can occur after exposure to substances like MDMA or psilocybin.

◐Partially SupportedSpace learning theory suggests optimal learning occurs when information is revisited approximately every 1 to 1.5 hours.

◐Partially SupportedSSRI effects may work through brain plasticity mechanisms like upregulating BDNF.

✓Well SupportedMDMA and psilocybin can create a neurochemical milieu that facilitates access to difficult psychological experiences and memories.

◐Partially SupportedA unifying feature of successful psilocybin sessions is reaching a point of autonomic overwhelm and being encouraged to 'let go'.

◐Partially SupportedPsilocybin has shown separation from placebo in press release data for treatment-resistant depression, with two trials needed for potential approval.

◐Partially SupportedCombining chemistry (psychedelics) with brain-machine interfaces and skilled practitioners could drive neural circuit changes for improved outcomes.

◐Partially SupportedOpen-label studies show psilocybin relieves treatment-resistant depression in 50-66% of people.

✓Well SupportedPsilocybin treatment for depression shows lasting effects for some individuals.

✓Well SupportedAlcohol consumption increases the risk of various cancers, including oral, throat, tongue, and breast cancer.

◐Partially SupportedMDMA primarily activates the serotonin 1B receptor, unlike LSD and psilocybin which selectively activate the serotonin 2A receptor.

✕Not SupportedExposing teenagers to high THC loads may be a factor in psychosis.

◐Partially SupportedA psychiatric diagnosis is made when a condition severely impairs an individual's ability to function.

◐Partially SupportedBlocking opioid receptors with naltrexone (50mg) significantly blocks the antidepressant effect of ketamine.

◐Partially SupportedThe left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex communicates with brainstem nuclei, including the nucleus ambiguus, which projects to the sinoatrial node and is responsible for heart rate deceleration.

✓Well SupportedLeaving a phone next to the bed while sleeping can negatively impact sleep quality in humans.

◐Partially SupportedDeliberate REM sleep deprivation, coupled with enhanced REM sleep the following night, may treat depression.

◐Partially SupportedHigh doses of THC can induce psychosis, resolving after THC clearance.

✓Well SupportedThe SAINT protocol uses magnetic stimulation to activate brain regions associated with depression, requiring an initial MRI to pinpoint the target area.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals who do not experience psychological changes or dissociation from ketamine typically have less potent antidepressant effects.

◐Partially SupportedTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can activate or quiet specific brain circuits to treat depression and other mood disorders.

◐Partially SupportedThe risk of developing depression is higher in individuals who have had a heart attack.

◐Partially SupportedTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can decelerate heart rate by stimulating mood regulatory brain regions.

◐Partially SupportedA triple therapy involving phase shifting, sleep deprivation, and bright light exposure can retrain the circadian rhythm and has durable antidepressant effects.

◐Partially SupportedLower heart rate variability is associated with moderate to severe depression.

◐Partially SupportedKetamine can rapidly relieve depressive symptoms by increasing the number of spines on neurons in the prefrontal cortex.

◐Partially SupportedPsilocybin and LSD are typical psychedelics, MDMA is atypical, ketamine is a dissociative, and ibogaine is a highly atypical psychedelic.

◐Partially SupportedThere is at least a 4x increase in psychotic episodes later in life for individuals who used cannabis early.

◐Partially SupportedThe therapeutic effects of MDMA for PTSD can last for years in some individuals.

◐Partially SupportedTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) used in the SAINT study does not typically cause side effects such as numbness, GI issues, or reduced sexual interest, unlike SSRIs.

◐Partially SupportedModifying psychedelics to remove hallucinogenic properties has been observed to cause significant mood shifts after the drug's effects wore off.

◐Partially SupportedMagnus Medical has received FDA clearance for a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device, available through trials over the next couple of years.

◐Partially SupportedThe American Heart Association added depression as the fourth major risk factor for coronary artery disease.

◐Partially SupportedAyahuasca has been explored as an antidepressant agent and appears to be safe, with studies showing no neurocognitive effects in children and adults exposed to small doses.

◐Partially SupportedStimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can transiently slow heart rate and alleviate some symptoms of depression.

◐Partially SupportedThe number and potency of tools to treat depression are growing.

◐Partially SupportedThe number of available treatments for depression decreases on average as the acuity of the condition increases, particularly in emergency settings.

◐Partially SupportedSleep deprivation is pro-anxiety and can profoundly increase anxiety in individuals who are not depressed.

◐Partially SupportedA combination therapy of phase shifting, sleep deprivation, and bright light exposure can have a profound and durable antidepressant effect.

◐Partially SupportedBoth the pharmacology and psychological state are important for the therapeutic effects of psychedelics.

◐Partially SupportedDepression triples the required oral opioid dose by day four in individuals undergoing total knee replacement.

◐Partially SupportedDepression can manifest in various ways, including loss of interest, anxiety with overactivity, or lack of motivation with underactivity.

◐Partially SupportedIn emergency psychiatric settings for individuals with severe depression, there are typically no diagnostic tests available.

◐Partially SupportedModerate depression is as disabling as an acute heart attack, and severe depression is as disabling as untreated cancer.

◐Partially SupportedExercise is a potentially effective treatment for mild depression, possibly by lowering resting heart rate.

◐Partially SupportedDepression is a risk factor for coronary artery disease and can worsen other illnesses.

◐Partially SupportedThe opioid receptor may play a role in mood regulation.

◐Partially SupportedPsychedelics combined with psychotherapy may allow for re-examination of memories.

✕Not SupportedThe intense psychological experience may not be the sole driver of psychedelic benefits.

◐Partially SupportedNormal ranges for depression and OCD scales are scores up to approximately 10.

◐Partially SupportedPsilocybin may reduce sensory input gating by de-gating the thalamus, leading to a broader attentional focus.

◐Partially SupportedAyahuasca is a pro-serotonergic psychedelic being investigated for conditions like trauma and PTSD.

◐Partially SupportedUnderstanding the reasons for relapse, such as previous eating and exercise behaviors, is key to regaining control after weight loss.

◐Partially SupportedIbogaine therapy involves preparatory and post-session integration sessions, with a sitter present during the experience to provide support without direct interaction.

✕Not SupportedReducing heart rate alone is unlikely to improve depression, as evidenced by concerns that drugs like propranolol could cause depression.

◐Partially SupportedBehavioral interventions that slow heart rate, such as exhale-emphasized or slow-cadence breathing, may alleviate depression and potentially feed back to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).

?Limited ResearchThe hypothesis that psychedelics are a breakthrough in psychiatry requires further research and proof.

✕Not SupportedTraditional daily TMS protocols are less potent than intensive schedules due to not utilizing spaced learning theory.

◐Partially SupportedTargeting a network of brain connections is more important than stimulating specific brain areas or the vagus nerve.

◐Partially SupportedCognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) can help individuals with milder insomnia manage their sleep problems.

◐Partially SupportedFor individuals experiencing sleep problems, the bedroom should ideally be used only for sleeping and intimacy.

◐Partially SupportedNon-sleep deep rest practices can be restorative.

✕Not SupportedMarijuana use should be avoided before prefrontal cortex maturation (around age 25) due to potential risks.

✕Not SupportedStandard monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can cause serotonin syndrome.

✕Not SupportedParents should not want their 16-year-old smoking marijuana.

◐Partially SupportedAyahuasca combines two plants: one provides a reversible MAOI that prevents GI breakdown of DMT from the other plant, allowing it to cross the blood-brain barrier.

◐Partially SupportedTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) activates brain regions and circuitry, not serotonin levels, and can show effects within one to five days.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals treated with ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT for PTSD and related conditions have reported significant improvements in all aspects of life, enabling them to perform simple daily tasks.

◐Partially SupportedA study in Brazilian prisons found that prisoners who received an ayahuasca session had a statistically significant lower rate of recidivism compared to a control group.

◐Partially SupportedIbogaine treatment can help soldiers process moral injuries by enabling self-empathy and a new perspective.

◐Partially SupportedPreliminary results from the ibogaine study suggest dramatic improvements in participants with no reported cardiac issues.

◐Partially SupportedA study is evaluating ibogaine's effects in veterans through neurobiological, clinical, neurocognitive, neuroimaging, and EEG evaluations.

◐Partially SupportedGW Pharmaceuticals has conducted clinical trials for CBD in severe seizure disorders like Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

◐Partially SupportedMDMA treatment for PTSD has an effect size comparable to effective treatments for other conditions, such as antacids for heartburn.

◐Partially SupportedIbogaine facilitates memory reevaluation and reconsolidation, which has a therapeutic effect.

◐Partially SupportedTHC is pro-psychotic and pro-epileptic.

◐Partially SupportedHigh doses of THC can cause seizures and syncope.

◐Partially SupportedSome TMS stimulation approaches can be inert, neither increasing nor decreasing cortical excitability.

◐Partially SupportedStimulating with hippocampal rhythms through a TMS coil can excite the brain with memory rhythms for up to an hour.

◐Partially SupportedTalk therapy, journaling, and rescripting may function like a Stroop task for beliefs, allowing for rule switching.

◐Partially SupportedThe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may access and switch rules, which are essentially beliefs.

◐Partially SupportedThe prefrontal cortex provides flexibility to rules, analogous to how it handles the Stroop task.

◐Partially SupportedBrain development is hoped to be completed by age 25.

◐Partially SupportedSSRIs are effective for some forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression, potentially through mechanisms beyond direct serotonin level changes.

◐Partially SupportedThe ability to regulate the transition between sympathetic and parasympathetic states is key to mental health, and depression may represent a lack of control over this inner state.

◐Partially SupportedTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) targets specific brain circuitry involved in depression by sending memory signals into the prefrontal cortex.

◐Partially SupportedThe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex region involved in treating severe depression is located more laterally and inferiorly and connected with the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex.

◐Partially SupportedBehavioral interventions for depression may lose effectiveness beyond a certain volitional threshold where individuals experience difficulty controlling thoughts and motor functions.

◐Partially SupportedKetamine may have a transient antidepressant effect but a chronic pro-depressant effect.

◐Partially SupportedPersistent memories attached to negative emotions are retained by the brain in the absence of interventions like psychedelics.

◐Partially SupportedPsilocybin and MDMA are being studied to treat OCD by leveraging 'letting go'.

◐Partially SupportedPsychiatric conditions treated with TMS or psychedelics can be considered fixable, analogous to physical ailments like a broken leg or heart arrhythmia.

◐Partially SupportedAthletes typically have a lower resting heart rate than non-athletes, and this can increase if they stop exercising.

◐Partially SupportedTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) can help severely depressed patients reintegrate alternative explanations for their beliefs.

◐Partially SupportedSome individuals treated with the SAINT TMS protocol report experiencing profound mindfulness and present moment awareness.

◐Partially SupportedMeditation and mindfulness practices may be effective behavioral interventions for mild depression by affecting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

✕Not SupportedPsychedelics require strict medical supervision and should not be used recreationally.

◐Partially SupportedWaiting 1-1.5 hours after initial stimulation of a mouse hippocampal slice results in enlarged and primed dendritic spines.

◐Partially SupportedStimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with magnetic pulses can induce depolarization of cortical neurons.

◐Partially SupportedThe connection between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the heart has been replicated multiple times.

◐Partially SupportedTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) can govern deeper brain regions, similar to how psychotherapy addresses depression.

◐Partially SupportedStimulating the DLPFC subgenual region can lead to full remission of mood symptoms in 60-90% of individuals within 1-5 days.

◐Partially SupportedThe ratio of CBD to THC in cannabis, not cannabis overall, appears related to its effect on psychosis.

◐Partially SupportedTMS can strengthen the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) through repeated, physiologically relevant stimulation, analogous to brain exercise.

◐Partially SupportedA reorganized TMS protocol using spaced learning theory can deliver the equivalent of 7.5 months of treatment in 5 days.

◐Partially SupportedThe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex acts as a governor for interpreting physiological signals and spontaneous thoughts.

◐Partially SupportedRemission achieved with intensive TMS protocols can last up to four years.

◐Partially SupportedResting state functional connectivity scans can identify a specific subgenual DLPFC subcircuit.

◐Partially SupportedIn depression, deeper brain regions govern the prefrontal cortex, and their timing precedes the prefrontal cortex.

◐Partially SupportedStimulation protocols can be modified over time to create new treatments using TMS devices, with newer versions not requiring ice baths and handling more aggressive stimulation.

◐Partially SupportedIbogaine's effects may involve reevaluation and reconsolidation of memories, potentially influencing outcomes.

◐Partially SupportedRepetitive TMS applied to the motor cortex can reproducibly increase or decrease cortical excitability, as measured by thumb muscle movement amplitude.

◐Partially SupportedStanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy (SAINT) is a TMS device-based treatment.

◐Partially SupportedWhen taking ibogaine, individuals may re-experience earlier life memories with detached empathy.

◐Partially SupportedIn a study, participants took ibogaine in one session and 5-MeO-DMT in a separate session approximately one month later to isolate their effects.

◐Partially SupportedEarly TMS devices required physically dunking the coil in an ice bath.

◐Partially SupportedEarly functional imaging studies of depression showed general hypoactivity and hypometabolism in the prefrontal cortex.

◐Partially SupportedTMS has been studied for depression since 1995 and FDA cleared in 2008-2009.

◐Partially SupportedPatients who have undergone TMS or psychedelic treatment report a lasting reduction in suicidal ideation even after relapse.

◐Partially SupportedPositive shifts after psychedelic drug effects may stem from underlying biology like shifts in mu opioid receptors, not just hallucinations.

◐Partially SupportedHigh-dose psilocybin sessions can facilitate novel rule consideration by disrupting normal thinking and perception, leading to improvements in trauma and depression symptoms.

◐Partially SupportedCombining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with experimental treatments like ibogaine, psilocybin, MDMA, cannabis, and DMT shows promise for treating depression and mood disorders.

◐Partially SupportedThe effectiveness of TMS and psychedelics in treating psychiatric conditions suggests a focus on brain circuitry and neuromodulation over chemical imbalances.

◐Partially SupportedRapid TMS and certain psychedelic therapies can lead to sustained periods of normal mood within five days or less.

◐Partially SupportedAlcohol is the most dangerous drug globally when considering combined personal and societal risks.

◐Partially SupportedHoward Lotsof reportedly stopped using all drugs after an ibogaine experience.

◐Partially SupportedThe post-MDMA drop in energy or fatigue is likely due to a compensatory surge in prolactin following a dopamine surge.

◐Partially SupportedThe Brain Stimulation Laboratory (BSL) at Stanford is recruiting subjects for clinical trials on depression and mood disorders.

◐Partially SupportedIn severe sleep deprivation, the cingulate cortex may take over control from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, indicating a loss of executive control.

◐Partially SupportedCatatonia and dissociation can be extreme outcomes of depression, schizophrenia, PTSD, trauma, and can occur naturally in highly hypnotizable individuals.

◐Partially SupportedThe cingulate cortex appears to be constantly active and necessary for connecting with the external world and maintaining interaction.

◐Partially SupportedExposure and response prevention therapy for OCD involves exposing an individual to a trigger and then preventing the compulsive response.

◐Partially SupportedDeceleration of heart rate during stimulation is a marker of being in the correct neural network for mood improvement.

◐Partially SupportedTMS may be used to increase activity in the underactive prefrontal cortex in depression by stimulating the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

◐Partially SupportedThe psychological experience of ketamine was identical in trials where its antidepressant effect was observed.

◐Partially SupportedMDMA, in doses of one to three, does not appear to carry significant neurocognitive risk, even with chronic use.

◐Partially SupportedAn early, abbreviated TMS protocol applied once daily to the left DLPFC showed antidepressant effects.

✕Not SupportedContaminants in illicit drugs like methamphetamine can be neurotoxic.

◐Partially SupportedSleep deprivation dysregulates autonomic system control, leading to chronically elevated heart rate, disrupted thought patterns, inability to exercise, impaired decision-making, and increased emotional lability.

◐Partially SupportedPsychiatric illnesses are recoverable and treatable by recalibrating brain circuits.

◐Partially SupportedMaladaptive behaviors like stress-induced overeating may have been adaptive for survival in ancestral environments.

◐Partially SupportedBradycardia can be observed in animals and humans when they are afraid.

◐Partially SupportedAnterior cingulotomy was a psychosurgical procedure used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder.

◐Partially SupportedPTSD symptoms like hypervigilance are adaptive in combat but maladaptive in civilian life.

◐Partially SupportedSome patients who experience remission from depression report mindful, present-moment experiences.

◐Partially SupportedMental health conditions, such as OCD, exist on a spectrum and are not always discreet diagnoses.

◐Partially SupportedCannabis use is relatively safe for individuals past prefrontal cortex maturation, except for those susceptible to drug-induced psychosis.