Dangers of a keto diet

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Paul Saladino58m · 2022-07-19

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118

Claims Supported

82

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82 of 118 claims supported

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102

Well SupportedAdding fruit and honey back into the diet improved muscle fullness, resolved cramps and heart palpitations, improved sleep, and restored testosterone levels above 700.Well SupportedDecreasing monounsaturated and saturated fat while increasing polyunsaturated fat intake, keeping total fat stable, decreased total testosterone by 15% in one study.Well SupportedInsulin plays a role in renal sodium transport, leading to sodium retention.Well SupportedThe free testosterone to cortisol ratio is a useful marker for training stress and requires a moderately high carbohydrate intake for validity.Well Supported

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Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

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Insulin signaling is required to keep sex hormone binding globulin levels down, increasing free hormones.

Well SupportedStress hormones like catecholamines, epinephrine, and cortisol can increase during fasting or carbohydrate restriction to help liberate stored glycogen.

Well SupportedA diet low in refined sugar and high-fructose corn syrup, which either restricts or includes natural fruits, can lead to equivalent improvements in metabolic syndrome.

Well SupportedBlocking CB1 cannabinoid receptors can reduce hunger and aid weight loss, but may have mood-related side effects.

Well SupportedThe 'Skin Hair and Nails' supplement from Heart and Soil contains trachea, cartilage, bone marrow, and liver for skin, hair, and nails.

Well SupportedDifferent types of fats affect human physiology differently, indicating that not all calories are equal.

Well SupportedPaul Saladino's hemoglobin A1c has remained between 5.2 and 5.4.

Well SupportedConsuming carbohydrates during or before exercise attenuates the rise in stress hormones like cortisol and limits exercise-induced immunosuppression.

Well SupportedIncluding carbohydrates can be helpful for individuals experiencing long-term issues with electrolyte balance.

Well SupportedIncreasing carbohydrate intake, sourced appropriately, can improve thyroid function, energy levels, libido, and endurance.

Well SupportedThe relationship between glycemic index, glycemic response, and disease outcomes is limited even in observational studies.

Not SupportedKetogenic diets can decrease T3 thyroid hormone levels and cause muscle loss.

Well SupportedBlood sugar spikes from natural sugars like fruit and honey are normal physiological processes that are not harmful.

Well SupportedThe relevance of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) for body weight, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease has essentially no predictive value.

Well SupportedThe carnivore diet can be beneficial for individuals with eczema and autoimmunity.

Not SupportedKetogenic diets are not optimal for long-term human health, except for specific conditions or short-term appetite reduction.

Not SupportedAfter 1.5-2 years on a strictly carnivore diet, problems began to be experienced.

Well SupportedIt is virtually impossible to develop insulin-induced insulin resistance outside of a laboratory setting with continuous insulin infusion.

Well SupportedSeven-day consumption of red orange juice improves endothelial function and reduces inflammation in non-diabetic subjects with increased cardiovascular risk.

Well SupportedCarbohydrates from fruit and honey do not cause insulin-induced insulin resistance in humans and have beneficial effects.

Well SupportedKetogenic diets are being researched for neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.

Well SupportedPostprandial insulin spikes from carbohydrates can lead to beneficial changes in sex hormone binding globulin and glutathione.

Well SupportedReverse T3 does not elevate on ketogenic or low-carb diets; elevated reverse T3 and decreased free T3 characterize starvation.

Well SupportedAnimal models suggest substituting honey for refined carbohydrates protects rats from hypertriglyceridemic and peroxidative effects of fructose.

Well SupportedOnly a small fraction of plants are edible, and these are invariably poor sources of nutrients that are much less bioavailable.

Well SupportedHigh carbohydrate intake from fruit and honey did not lead to insulin resistance or weight gain for the speaker, but improved issues experienced on a ketogenic diet.

Partially SupportedHoney and fruit, when consumed in moderation, are acceptable in the diet.

Partially SupportedFructose in the food matrix, such as in honey, performs differently and is not to be feared compared to isolated table sugar fructose.

Partially SupportedInsulin signaling stimulated by carbohydrate intake improves antioxidant status by linking to glutathione.

Not SupportedGrains, roots, and seeds contain plant defense chemicals, making them less desirable carbohydrate sources.

Not SupportedResearch on pure fructose, processed sugars, and high-fructose corn syrup should not be conflated with studies on whole food carbohydrate sources like fruit or honey.

Partially SupportedAdding carbohydrates back to the diet, starting with honey and fruit, may improve issues encountered on ketogenic diets, particularly concerning electrolyte balance.

Not SupportedConsuming multiple tablespoons daily of reishi, chaga, and lion's mane mushrooms triggered a severe eczema flare.

Not SupportedLong-term ketosis from a strict carnivore diet can lead to electrolyte imbalances and energy crashes, suggesting a need to include some carbohydrates.

Partially SupportedForrest Galante's severe eczema improved significantly after removing vegetables from his diet.

Partially SupportedIn obese individuals, body fatness is positively associated with C-reactive protein levels.

Partially SupportedPostprandial insulin spikes from carbohydrates like fruit or honey are beneficial for electrolyte balance and hormone regulation.

Well SupportedKetone ester drinks suppress appetite by lowering ghrelin, perceived hunger, and desire to eat.

Partially SupportedFructose has different physiological effects when studied in isolation compared to when consumed within whole foods.

Partially SupportedHeart and Soil's Skin Hair Nails supplement is associated with improvements in skin, nail growth, and hair quality.

Partially SupportedDietary carbohydrate-to-protein ratio does not affect inflammatory markers; body fatness is positively associated with serum CRP.

Partially SupportedCalories from different sources like honey, sucrose, Coca-Cola, seed oils, and animal fats are not metabolically equivalent.

Not SupportedProcessed sugar, grains, and potatoes are not preferred sources of carbohydrates.

Well SupportedConsuming approximately 30% of calories from fruit did not negate the benefits of calorie restriction or overall fructose reduction on metabolic parameters in a study.

Partially SupportedEliminating seed oils, processed grains, and processed sugars and improving dietary quality is the most impactful action for weight loss, surpassing exercise.

Partially SupportedKetosis is a valuable state for humans occasionally and an effective treatment for obesity and metabolic dysfunction, but not a constant requirement for health.

Partially SupportedHigh protein diets, particularly those with many ketogenic amino acids, can prevent ketosis.

Partially SupportedKetogenic diets are at least as effective as low-fat, energy-restricted diets for weight loss up to one year, after which weight loss tends to converge between diets.

Partially SupportedThe speaker's animal-based diet includes organs (fresh or desiccated), meat, fruit, honey, and raw dairy.

Partially SupportedFruit is a preferred source of carbohydrates on an animal-based diet.

Not SupportedKetogenic diets may be associated with renal stones due to metabolic acidosis and calcium loss.

Partially SupportedGlycine supplementation can improve insulin sensitivity and glutathione biosynthesis, while protecting against oxidative stress.

Partially SupportedActivating the cannabinoid system in the human brain can lead to increased eating.

Partially SupportedHunger may be caused by eating polyunsaturated fatty acids, insulin resistance, and stimulation of cannabinoid receptors.

Partially SupportedWestern medicine should prioritize food as a primary tool for improving disease outcomes, maintaining health, and achieving optimal health.

Not SupportedKetogenic diets may impair bone health.

Partially SupportedCarbohydrates from standard sources like grains do not appear to be inflammatory in humans, even in overweight subjects.

Partially SupportedIncreased carbohydrate intake is often beneficial for active individuals.

Partially SupportedDrugs that activate cannabinoid receptors can increase appetite in people with cancer cachexia.

Partially SupportedPopular diets including ketogenic, Atkins, South Beach, and DASH can exhibit significant micronutrient deficiencies.

Not SupportedElectrolyte deficiencies, particularly sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride, can occur on long-term ketogenic diets or fasting and cannot be resolved by supplementation.

Partially SupportedKetosis is a state of urgency rather than the default or homeostatic state for humans, as glucose controls its own metabolism and ketone/fatty acid breakdown.

Partially SupportedHigh protein, low carbohydrate ketogenic diets reduce hunger and food intake more significantly than high protein, medium carbohydrate diets in obese men.

Partially SupportedEliminating polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-6 linoleic acid, may fix hunger and lead to weight loss.

Partially SupportedWhite rice was experimented with as a potentially less toxic grain carbohydrate source.

Not SupportedThe belief that one should keep blood sugar below a certain ceiling, regardless of food consumed, is incorrect.

Partially SupportedCarbohydrates during exercise help prevent post-exercise immune suppression and excessive cortisol spikes.

Partially SupportedCarbohydrates are beneficial for humans and can be consumed without grains, seed oils, processed sugars, white potatoes, or rice.

Not SupportedHigher protein intake as a percentage of energy is associated with decreased serum testosterone.

Partially SupportedElevated postprandial blood sugar from eating fruit and honey is not necessarily indicative of metabolic dysfunction.

Partially SupportedIncluding carbohydrates in the diet is associated with improvements in glutathione, hormones, electrolytes, exercise recovery, free testosterone to cortisol ratio, and reduced immune suppression post-exercise.

Partially SupportedA higher carbohydrate to protein ratio in the diet is associated with increased serum testosterone.

Not SupportedPathologic insulin resistance is more likely caused by metabolic derangements related to seed oils and excess linoleic acid than excess insulin.

Limited ResearchGlutathione levels may be lower in individuals on ketogenic diets or fasting due to very low insulin levels.

Partially SupportedThe human body actively works to avoid ketosis, as evidenced by high protein diets sometimes preventing ketosis.

Partially SupportedFocusing on food quality is a better approach to controlling appetite than a ketogenic diet alone.

Partially SupportedAn animal-based diet is recommended for improving disease outcomes, maintaining health, and achieving optimal health.

Partially SupportedFor individuals not thriving, dietary changes such as cutting out vegetables or grains, or adding carbohydrates in the form of food and honey, may be beneficial.

Partially SupportedA postprandial blood sugar spike to 140 mg/dL after consuming pineapple and honey with meat and organs is a positive sign of insulin action.

Not SupportedLong-term ketogenic diets can lead to significantly higher sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and lower total and free testosterone levels.

Not SupportedA higher polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat ratio is associated with decreased serum testosterone.

Partially SupportedEliminating seed oils and processed sugars, along with using trachea and scapular cartilage, may help with eczema and wound healing.

Partially SupportedThe appetite-suppressing benefits of ketogenic diets can be achieved by eliminating seed oils and including fruit and honey.

Partially SupportedBlocking cannabinoid receptors reduces appetite, while activating them increases appetite.

Partially SupportedEndogenous cannabinoids like anandamide activate receptors that are also stimulated by cannabinoids in marijuana.

Not SupportedCalorie counting and macro tracking are ineffective for addressing hunger and satiety if food quality is not addressed.

Partially SupportedLack of insulin signaling reduces glutathione production, driving oxidative stress and diabetes complications.

Partially SupportedKetogenic diets can be an adjunctive treatment for intractable epilepsy.

Not SupportedA vegan diet, especially without synthetic protein powders and supplements, results in negative health outcomes for humans.

Partially SupportedLinoleic acid breaks down into 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in animal models, which stimulates cannabinoid receptors and induces obesity.

Partially SupportedHigh doses of antioxidant vitamins have not been shown to prevent exercise-induced immunosuppression.

Partially SupportedEliminating processed sugars and seed oils, and focusing on dietary quality, is recommended.

Partially SupportedKetones can decrease ghrelin, but cleaning up one's diet is the best way to decrease hunger.

Partially SupportedKetosis offers benefits for understanding obesity, satiety, and nutritional paradigms but is not ideal for all humans.

Partially SupportedImpaired glutathione metabolism in type 2 diabetes contributes to microvascular complications and atherosclerosis.

Partially SupportedBeing in ketosis, with a balance of beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate in the blood, is evidenced to quell appetite.

Partially SupportedAn animal-based diet, cutting processed sugars, and limiting seed oils can decrease hunger and provide benefits similar to carbohydrates.

Not SupportedKetogenic diets may impair bone health, as suggested by a case of renal stones in a child.