Is fruit bad or good for humans? Will organs raise Uric Acid?

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Paul Saladino1h 10m · 2022-03-08

Claims Made

150

Claims Supported

105

Support Rate

70%

Support rate

105 of 150 claims supported

105 supported45 partial / not

Claims from this content

124

Well SupportedA fasting insulin level below 5 micro IU/mL is considered healthy.Well SupportedDiabetic patients consuming high amounts of honey (up to 180+ grams/day) in a study lost weight and became more insulin sensitive, despite an increase in hemoglobin A1c.Well SupportedAdding fruit and honey back into the diet improved muscle fullness, resolved cramps and heart palpitations, improved sleep, and restored testosterone levels above 700.Well SupportedMeat, especially red meat, is a longevity food containing unique nutrients associated with longevity and decreased disease states.Well Supported

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Paul Saladino remains insulin sensitive despite significant carbohydrate consumption due to his blood work foundation and not being obese or diabetic.

Well SupportedAdipose tissue levels are a more accurate indicator of linoleic acid consumption than blood levels.

Well SupportedThe body consumes glutathione during acute cold exposure, which causes oxidative stress, and uric acid levels decrease and then increase the next day.

Well SupportedModerate amounts of fructose, up to 1 gram per kilogram of body weight, can be processed without arriving in the liver.

Well SupportedConsuming fructose in low doses from whole fruits may be detoxified by the small intestine before reaching the liver.

Well SupportedConsuming fructose in fruit, along with nitric oxide precursors and fiber, may be evolutionarily consistent and beneficial.

Not SupportedThe 'calories in, calories out' model is an oversimplification.

Well SupportedA diet low in refined sugar and high-fructose corn syrup, which either restricts or includes natural fruits, can lead to equivalent improvements in metabolic syndrome.

Well SupportedPlant leaves, stems, roots, and seeds contain defense chemicals that can be problematic for humans.

Well SupportedDifferent types of fats affect human physiology differently, indicating that not all calories are equal.

Partially SupportedFructose consumed within a food matrix, such as in fruit, is likely different and potentially beneficial compared to isolated fructose or processed sugars.

Well SupportedA moderate natural fructose diet led to significant weight loss and improvements in metabolic syndrome parameters.

Well SupportedPostprandial insulin and glucose spikes after eating are normal physiological responses beneficial for electrolyte maintenance and other functions.

Well SupportedFruit and berries are the least toxic carbohydrate sources.

Well SupportedElevated uric acid levels may be a beneficial response rather than a problem.

Well SupportedConsuming carbohydrates, such as fruit and honey, can help reintroduce phasic insulin signaling and prevent physiological consequences of prolonged ketosis.

Well SupportedFructose in a food matrix, like maple syrup or honey, may preserve nitric oxide precursors, especially darker, less processed forms.

Partially SupportedPaul Saladino's CoQ10 levels were 2.38 and homocysteine was 7 on a strict carnivore diet.

Well SupportedPlants contain defense chemicals such as saponins and coumarins that can be problematic for humans.

Well SupportedProcessed sugars and seed oils are the main drivers of diabetes, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction.

Well SupportedFructose in whole food forms like fruit and honey is not harmful for humans, unlike pure fructose or high-fructose corn syrup.

Well SupportedUric acid levels between 3.9 and 10 mg/dL are not considered problematic physiologic levels for humans.

Well SupportedAll calories are equal as a unit of measurement, but their sources are not equal in their effects on energy expenditure and metabolizable energy.

Well SupportedFruit is a preferable source of carbohydrates compared to grains or roots due to lower levels of defense chemicals.

Well SupportedInsulin resistance, not organ meats or fruit, is the primary driver of issues like gout.

Well SupportedIn humans, most dietary fructose is metabolized to glucose, glycogen, or lactate, with little converted to fat.

Well SupportedFiber may be beneficial when consuming fructose as it can slow absorption and allow the small intestine to process it more effectively.

Well SupportedHigh doses of fructose (>1g/kg) overwhelm intestinal absorption and lead to fructose reaching the liver and colonic microbiota.

Well SupportedMetabolic dysfunction is the primary cause of gout and uric acid issues in individuals who are metabolically healthy.

Partially SupportedUric acid and glutathione may function as antioxidant mechanisms to manage reactive oxygen species generated by cold and heat exposure.

Not SupportedOils from corn, canola, safflower, sunflower, peanut, and soybean are problematic due to their high linoleic acid content.

Not SupportedThe relationship between diet (meat, organs, fruit) and uric acid levels is complex and not the sole determinant of gout.

Partially SupportedFructose enters glycolysis directly below phosphofructokinase, leading to increased lactate or pyruvate and subsequent de novo lipogenesis.

Partially SupportedPaul Saladino's visceral fat was extremely low (10.5% body fat at age 46) despite consuming fruit, honey, and carbohydrates, indicating this diet is not inflammatory.

Partially SupportedIn some Asian cultures, meat consumption correlates with affluence and lower rates of breast cancer and heart attacks, suggesting lifestyle factors are influential.

Partially SupportedEating fruit and honey does not increase uric acid levels in individuals who are insulin sensitive.

Partially SupportedIncluding moderate natural fructose from fruit alongside calorie restriction can lower uric acid.

Partially SupportedFruit and honey consumption do not necessarily cause uric acid levels to rise.

Partially SupportedMeat intake was a significant positive predictor of life expectancy in a cross-sectional analysis of 175 populations.

Partially SupportedEliminating processed foods, specifically refined carbohydrates and vegetable/seed oils, is the primary driver of health improvement for most people.

Partially SupportedWhite potatoes contain defense chemicals such as solanine and other alkaloids, as well as lectins.

Partially SupportedThe liver is a key site for fructose catabolism, indicated by high expression of ketohexokinase (KHK).

Partially SupportedMovement, nature exposure, sunlight, and nourishment can heal and reverse illnesses.

Not SupportedA couple of tablespoons of honey is not equivalent to a Coca-Cola.

Partially SupportedSeeds, nuts, grains, and beans are highly defended parts of plants and are considered foods of survival.

Partially SupportedThe rate of intestinal fructose release differs between fiber-rich fruits, juices, and sodas, with fiber-rich fruits offering a more evolutionarily consistent way to consume fructose.

Partially SupportedDisordered purine metabolism may affect uric acid levels in the context of insulin resistance.

Partially SupportedHumans may not require significant amounts of dietary fiber, and obtaining some fiber from fruit is not detrimental.

Partially SupportedTriglycerides declined in both low-fructose and moderate natural fructose groups, with a trend towards greater reduction in the moderate natural fruit intake group.

Partially SupportedPaul Saladino's uric acid level was 3.9 after adding fruit and honey to his diet while maintaining insulin sensitivity.

Not SupportedThe theory linking the loss of the uricase mutation in humans to increased body fat and survival is not fully convincing without considering changes in kidney physiology for uric acid retention.

Partially SupportedHigh levels of uric acid (>10 mg/dL) are associated with increased reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in cell culture models.

Partially SupportedIntermittent fasting can increase mTOR, contrary to the belief that it always decreases mTOR.

Partially SupportedA low linoleic acid diet, rich in red meat fat and low in linoleic acid, is recommended.

Partially SupportedAlcohol metabolism is similar to fructose metabolism and goes directly to the liver without protective mechanisms.

Partially SupportedThe body will heal itself if impediments like processed sugar, seed oils, and toxin-containing vegetables are removed, and necessary nutrients from organ meats, fruit, honey, and raw dairy are provided.

Partially SupportedUric acid may function as an antioxidant, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and potentially fulfilling the role proposed for vitamin C.

Partially SupportedUric acid may have beneficial roles in the human body, potentially acting as an antioxidant.

Partially SupportedIndividuals with diabetes may benefit from an animal-based diet, but should limit carbohydrate intake to less than 150-200 grams per day.

Partially SupportedIndividuals on very low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diets may experience electrolyte imbalances due to chronically low insulin levels.

Partially SupportedA 382-day fast in a patient with high uric acid and weight loss did not impair metabolic health or insulin sensitivity, suggesting context mitigates uric acid harm.

Partially SupportedThe fructose in fruit and honey does not cause insulin resistance in humans like the Hadza or the speaker.

Partially SupportedFruit consumption is generally fine for humans and is supported by interventional studies.

Partially SupportedFruit and raw, dark, unheated honey are recommended carbohydrate sources, while pasteurized fruit juice and juice without pulp should be avoided.

Partially SupportedConsuming more than one gram per kilogram of fructose in a single setting should be monitored with lab tests.

Not SupportedThe arguments that meat negatively affects longevity are weak, and the association between plant-based diets and extended lifespan may be based on insufficient control for confounders.

Not SupportedLimiting organ meats due to concerns about uric acid leads to nutrient deficiency.

Not SupportedThe notion that meat consumption shortens lifespan is incorrect.

Well SupportedThe human body can produce excess fructose from glucose when hyperglycemic.

Partially SupportedRaw, organic honey may elicit a different physiological response than high-fructose corn syrup.

Partially SupportedExcessive ATP consumption from fructose metabolism may increase uric acid and related health problems.

Partially SupportedPure fruit is preferred over fruit juice, though freshly squeezed orange juice with pulp is likely acceptable.

Partially SupportedUric acid metabolism may be disordered in obesity due to enhanced purine catabolism in adipose tissue.

Partially SupportedIn diabetes and metabolic dysfunction, glucose can be converted to fructose via aldosteronereductase, contributing to NAFLD.

Not SupportedInsulin resistance, rather than dietary factors like meat, purines, or fructose, is likely driving elevated uric acid levels.

Not SupportedThe notion that meat and organs are harmful due to raising uric acid is not supported by a comprehensive review of the literature.

Partially SupportedA 25-hydroxy vitamin D level of 44 ng/mL is acceptable, though potentially could be improved.

Partially SupportedAnimal models for fructose toxicity may not accurately reflect human responses due to high doses used.

Partially SupportedThe aldosteronereductase pathway appears to be triggered by changes in hyperosmolarity.

Partially SupportedMany individuals on an animal-based diet with high-fructose foods experience weight loss and maintain leanness.

Partially SupportedA Coenzyme Q10 level of 2.38 is considered very high.

Not SupportedSugar alcohols like sorbitol can be converted to fructose in the liver and are not good sugar substitutes.

Partially SupportedConsuming 120 grams of carbohydrates from fruit per day does not aggregate benefits from a processed fructose diet.

Partially SupportedLower carbohydrate diets (50-150g/day) may be beneficial for individuals who are diabetic, pre-diabetic, or obese, and should be monitored with biomarkers like A1C, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and CGMs.

Partially SupportedExcess linoleic acid from seed oils accumulates in cell and mitochondrial membranes, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction, increased aldosteronereductase activity, glucose-to-fructose conversion, and potentially NAFLD in insulin-resistant individuals.

Partially SupportedApproximately 60-70% of uric acid is produced endogenously from purine breakdown, with about a third coming from diet.

Partially SupportedA transport system moves urate or hypoxanthine into human erythrocytes, suggesting uric acid may be intentionally transported into cells for potential roles like scavenging reactive oxygen species.

Partially SupportedUric acid may have beneficial roles in individuals who are not insulin resistant.

Partially SupportedFruitarian diets may lead to protein malnutrition, antiquated amino acids, muscle mass loss, and potentially fatty liver due to high fructose intake.

Partially SupportedAn animal-based diet rich in meat, organs, fruit, and honey is associated with low uric acid, C-peptide, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and inflammation.

Partially SupportedA ferritin level of 220 is not a concern for individuals without hemochromatosis or evidence of oxidative stress.

Partially SupportedFasting glucose of 90 mg/dL on a zero-carb diet and fructosamine of 234 are acceptable values.

Partially SupportedUric acid levels increase during fasting, lead exposure, high alcohol ingestion, and obesity, all of which are associated with lipid peroxidation.

Partially SupportedIncreased linoleic acid from seed oils and processed sugars can lead to physiological problems including increased aldosteronereductase activity and glucose-to-fructose conversion.

Partially SupportedVitamin E levels were very high.

Not SupportedThe idea that mTOR is universally bad is not supported by evidence that exercise, sauna, and cold exposure trigger it.

Partially SupportedExcessive consumption of sweets, characterized by fructose, is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome.

Partially SupportedA moderate natural fructose group lost more BMI than a low-fructose group in a calorie-restricted trial.

Partially SupportedAthletes who transition from veganism to including animal foods, such as beef organs, experience improved performance.

Partially SupportedThe enzyme aldo-reductase can convert glucose to fructose, potentially overwhelming the liver.

Partially SupportedThe metabolic fate of fructose in mammals is not fully understood.

Not SupportedThe idea that fruit makes humans fat is not supported by observational evidence from people consuming an animal-based diet.

Partially SupportedPlants increase defense chemicals in leaves when sensing chewing vibrations but decrease them in ripening fruit.

Partially SupportedUric acid levels increase in response to oxidative stress due to lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate inhibiting renal clearance.

Partially SupportedFruit is highly digestible and does not cause gas, bloating, or undigested parts in stool.

Partially SupportedThe polyol pathway, which converts glucose to fructose, may become more activated in individuals with diabetes and insulin resistance due to aging mitochondria.

Partially SupportedDietary substances that accumulate in cell membranes may influence mitochondrial aging by altering mitochondrial function.

Partially SupportedCertain amino acids can mitigate fructose-induced insulin resistance in animal models.

Not SupportedThe focus on mTOR as a negative factor in longevity may be misguided, as it is triggered by beneficial practices like intermittent fasting, sauna use, cold plunges, and exercise.

Limited ResearchThe loss of the uricase mutation in humans, combined with kidney physiology changes to retain uric acid, may be linked to human propensity for body fat and survival.

Partially SupportedMany chronic diseases are healable, fixable, and reversible by removing impediments and returning to an evolutionarily consistent state.

Partially SupportedA homocysteine level of 7 is considered low.

Partially SupportedMeat and organs contain essential amino acids and B vitamins crucial for glutathione production that are more bioavailable in red meat.

Partially SupportedExercise, breath holding, sauna, and cold exposure can all trigger mTOR.

Partially SupportedSauna and cold plunges can increase longevity genes, despite also increasing mTOR.

Partially SupportedUric acid's impact on humans is context-dependent, particularly on insulin sensitivity.

Partially SupportedCarbohydrate crops like wheat and corn showed weak and negative correlations with life expectancy.

Not SupportedProcessed sugars like high fructose corn syrup are released quickly in the small intestine and can go straight to the liver, causing problems.

Partially SupportedThe body processes soda differently than honey or a banana.

Partially SupportedFructose from fruit is not detrimental to human health and may be beneficial.